FERN FAMILY 1043 



brown; blades lanceolate; pinnae 2-14 cm. long, sharply and often doubly ser- 

 rate, the serrations spinescent, often incurved; sori mostly supramedial. Woods: 

 Alaska Mont . Ida . Ore . Calif. 



3. P. Anderson! Hopkins. Fronds 32-74 cm. long; stipes 2-21.5 cm. long; 

 stipe and rachis densely chaffy, with bright golden-brown scales; blades elliptic- 

 lanceolate, gradually narrowed both ways; pinnae lanceolate or the basal sub- 

 deltoid, acute or acuminate, the uppermost adnate-decurrent, those below sessile 

 to short-stalked, obliquely pinnatifid, the basal segment, especially the upper, 

 the largest; segments decurrent, suboval to oval-oblong, not auricled or only the 

 basal auricled, long-spinescent, serrate-spinulose, with often incurved teeth, 

 chaffy beneath, chaffy-fibrillose above; sori medial; indusia ciliate-erose. In 

 thickets: Alaska B.C. Wash. 



4. P. scopulinum Maxon. Fronds 6.5-43 cm. long; stipes and rachis con- 

 spicuously chaffy, with light brown scales; blades lanceolate or linear, commonly 

 somewhat narrowed toward base; pinnae ovate or ovate-oblong, mostly obtuse, 

 serrate in the outer part, with pointed or aculeate, not spinescent teeth, pinnately 

 lobed at base, the superior basal lobe the largest, parallel to the rachis, the inferior 

 oblique to the rachis; sori near the midvein; indusia large, smooth, somewhat 

 irregularly lobed, not ciliate. Doubtful if distinct from P. Lemmoni Underw. 

 Rocks: B.C. n Utah Ore.; s Calif., and (Gaspe Peninsula) Que. Mont. 



5. P. Braunii (Spenner) Fee. Fronds in a crown, 1.5-8.5 dm. long; stipe 

 and rachis chaffy, with bright brown scales; blades lanceolate, gradually narrowed 

 toward base; pinnae oblong-lanceolate from a slightly broader base; segments 

 ovate-oblong, produced on the upper side, obliquely cut away on the lower, 

 commonly acute, sharply toothed, scaly; indusia small, entire. Rocky woods: 

 Newf. Mass. Pa. Mich.; "B.C." Boreal. 



6. THELYPTERIS Schmidel. 



Ferns with stipes not articulated to the rhizomes, and pinnatifid to bipinnat- 

 ifid or rarely more compound fronds. Mid veins and midribs united at a broad 

 angle. Veins pinnate, the veinlets simple or occasionally forked, the lower ones 

 ending above the sinus between segments of the blade or running to it, more or 

 less connivent, or the basal pair uniting in the leaf-tissue and sending a common 

 branch to the sinus. Sori borne on the veins, with or without indusia, round or, 

 especially when nonindusiate, oblong or linear or rarely curved. Indusia reni- 

 form or rarely otherwise curved. Fronds usually hairy, often glandular, some- 

 times scaly also. Hairs whitish, one-celled or long, soft, thin, subulate, and con- 

 sisting of a single row of cells (not reddish, short, articulated and cylindric), often 

 hooked at the point, simple and single, or fascicled or branched and sessile (never 

 branched at apex of a stalk). [Dryopteris, subgenera Lastrea, Glaphyropteris, 

 Steiropteris, Cyclosorus, and Leptogramma C. Chr., Phegopteris 



Blades of the fronds bipinnatifld. 



Blades broadest at base, or only the basal pair of pinnae slightly shortened. 



1. T. Phegopteris. 



Blades gradually much narrowed toward base. 2. T. Oreopteris. 



Blades of the fronds ternate or subternate, once to twice pinnate. 



Fronds glabrous, excepting a few scales on the stipe, or with only occasional micro- 



scopic trichomes resembling rudimentary glands. 3. T. Dryopteris. 



Fronds distinctly glandular, especially the stipes and rachises; glands capitate. 



4. T. Robertiana. 



1. T. Phegopteris (L.) Slosson. Rhizome creeping; fronds scattered, 10-55 

 cm. long; blades triangular or nearly so, mostly longer than broad, sparingly 

 hairy on both surfaces, especially on the veins; hairs unicellular; pinnae mostly 

 linear-lanceolate, the basal pair deflexed and advanced; segments oblong, obtuse, 

 entire or slightly crenate, the basal decurrent and adnate to the main rachis; 

 rachises scaly beneath; sori submarginal. Dryopteris Phegopteris (L.) C. Chr. 

 Phegopteris polypodioides (L.) Fee. Wooded places: Greenl Newf. Va. 

 Minn. Man. Ore. Alaska; Eu. Mont. Subalp. 



2. T. Oreopteris (Ehrh.) Slosson. Fronds in a crown; stipes rather short; 

 stipe and rachis somewhat scaly; blades broadly lanceolate, tapering below, pin- 



