CONTENTS. XV 



Osteological Characters of their Heads 295 



Conclusion that they belonged to the Caucasian Variety . . — 



Heads of the Guanches 298 



DifTerent Modifications in the Caucasian Variety 300 



The Turks — - 



The rounded Shape of their Heads not produced by Art . . 301 



Modifications in the several Nations of Europe 302 



Inferior Organization of the other Varieties, as compared 



to the Caucasian 303 



Mongolian Variety — 



Distinction of this Variety from the Tatars 304 



Ethiopian Variety 306 



Characters of the Head 307 



Numerous Varieties in African Heads 309 



Hottentots and Bosjesmen 310 



Characters of the Negro Head approach to those of the 



Monkey 311 



American Variety 313 



Form of the Skull in the Caribbees 316 



Their Custom of Flattening the Forehead artificially 317 



Proofs that the Object is practicable 318 



Evidences that it is actually accomplished 319 



Description of several Crania with Marks of Pressure .... 32 1 



Testimonies of Travellers 322 



Malay Variety 326 



Numerous individual Diversities in each Variety, and Gra- 

 dations towards the others — 



Differences in the Teeth 328 



Artificial Processes performed on them 331 



Differences of Features and Skulls not explicable by 



Climate 332 



Nor by Artificial Pressure .... " 335 



The National Characters of Crania are found in the Foetal 



State 336 



Chapter V. — Varieties in Figure, Proportions, and Strength. — 

 The Ears — Effects of Art upon them, and in other parts of the 

 Body. — The MammcE. — Organs of Generation. — Fabulous Va- 

 rieties. 



Straightness of a Line drawn along the Occiput and Neck 



in the Negro 339 



