146 CHARACTERS OF 



to push the facial line beyond the perpendicular, and to 

 make the angle 100°. 



The facial angle* in the human subject varies from 65^ 

 to 85°. speaking of the adult ; for in the child it reaches 



* Outline engravings of several human heads and skulls, as well as of a 

 monkey, and an orang-utang, in profile, with the lines measuring their facial 

 angles, are subjoined to Ca:mper's Dissert. Physique. Some are also given 

 in AuDEBERT, Hist. Nat. des Siyiges ; pi. anat. 2. 



The practical application of this measurement is much less extensively 

 useful and important than Camper had imagined. It merely affords a 

 striking general view of the great characteristic difference between man and 

 some animals, without indicating to us the diversities of the human species 

 itself, and much less those of animals. In many of the latter, indeed, it does 

 not measure tiie prominence of the brain, but that of the frontal sinuses or 

 nose. In man and the quadrumanous animals, the sinuses are inconsiderable; 

 but in the carnivora, the pig kind, some ruminants, and particularly in the 

 elephant, they are very large, and raise the facial line to a degree far beyond 

 what the convexity of the brain Avould do. In the rodentia and the walrus 

 the nose is very large, and throws back the cranium so that it offers no point 

 for measurement in front. 



The following is a statement of the angle in certain animals, taken by 

 drawing a line parallel to the floor of the nostrils, and another from the great- 

 est prominence of the alveoli to the convexity of the cranium, without re- 

 garding the outline of the nose and face. 



Camper states it at 58*^ (Diss. Phys. pi. 

 1. f. 2). Mr. Abel at 57° {Journey in 

 China, p. 322). In the skull belonging to 



Young orang-utang 67<^ <J the Hunterian Collection, when the facial 



line is drawn from the forehead, the angle is 

 56° ; when from the prominent superciliary 

 ■ridge, 60". 



Sapajou 65'' 



Guenon 570 



]\Iandrill 42 — 30° 



Coati 28° 



Pole-cat 31« 



Pug-^og 350 



Mastiff— line drawn from 

 outer surface of cranium.41'' 



, inner 30° 



Hare 30° 



Ram 30° 



Horse 23° 



Cuvier, Lemons d'Anat. Comp. Lee. viil. art. 1. 

 When the facial angles of the anthropo-morphous siraiae, as above stated, are 

 compared to those of some Negroes— as, for example, the skull delineated in 

 pi. vii. which has an angle of 65° , and that in Sandifort's Museum Acad, 



