148 CHARACTERS OF 



the face. In the hare and marmot the face exceeds the 

 cranium by one third ; in the porcupine and ruminants, by 

 one half; in the pig kind, by a still greater proportion. 

 The face is three times as large as the cranium in the hippo- 

 potamus, and nearly four times in the horse. 



The human and the brute face are not more strongly 

 contrasted in size, and in their relation to the cranium, than 

 in general configuration, in the construction of individual 

 parts, the motions and uses to which they are subservient. 

 The latter is merely an instrument adapted to procure and 

 prepare food, and often a weapon of oflPence and defence ; 

 the former is an organ of expression, an outward index of 

 what passes in the busy world within. The elongated and 

 narrow jaws with their muscles, with their sharp cutting 

 teeth, or strong pointed and formidable fangs, principally 

 compose the fcice of the animal : the chin, lips, cheeks, eye- 

 brows, and forehead, are either removed, or reduced to a 

 size and form simply necessary for animal purposes. The 

 nose is confounded with the upper jaw and lip ; or, if more 

 developed, is still applied to offices connected with procuring 

 food. Thus we have a muzzle or snout, rather than a face. 

 In man, on the contrary, the animal organs, the jaws and 

 teeth, are reduced in size, and covered from view : hence 

 the mouth is extremely small, and neither used, nor capable 

 of use, in directly taking or seizing the aliment. The chin, 

 lips, cheeks, bridge of the nose, eyelids, and eyebrows, 

 receive a fulness of developement, and free play of action, 

 which is seen in no other animal. The constant motions of 

 this finely-formed countenance correspond with the inward 

 workings and emotions ; and are a most important medium 

 of influence and communication with our fellow-creatures ; 

 inviting and attracting them by its expansion in love, 

 friendship, affection, and the benevolent feelings ; warning 

 and repelling by its fearful contraction, in indignation, scorn, 

 hatred, malice. When to the human face we add the ample 

 and capacious forehead,, the organization of the intellectual 

 and moral being is perfect 5 — the contrast with all others, 

 even of the manlike class, pointed and complete. How 



