162 CHARACTERS OF MAN, &C. 



The external cars are not incapable of motion in all men, 

 nor are they moveable in all other mammalia ; in the ant- 

 eaters, for example. 



Many quadrumana have an organ of touch, and an uvula, 

 as well as man. 



Again there are some parts, which man alone, or with a 

 few other mammalia, does not possess. Most of these, 

 which are found chiefly in the domesticated kinds, were for- 

 merly attributed to man, when human dissections, from 

 want of opportunities, were uncommon. 



The panniculus carnosus, or thin subcutaneous stratum 

 of muscular fibres covering the ventral and lateral parts of 

 the trunk immediately under the skin — described by Galen 

 and his followers, and even by Ves alius, the great restorer 

 of anatomy and exposer of Galen's errors, as a part of the 

 human body — does not exist in man, nor, according to 

 Tyson, in the chimpans^. It is found in the monkeys. 



The rete mirabile of the cerebral arteries, included by 

 Galen among the parts of the human body, was shewn by 

 Vesalius not to belong to the human structure. 



The seventh or suspensory muscle of the eyeball, which is 

 found in the four-footed mammalia, is not seen in man, as 

 Fallopius observed ; neither is the allantois or membrana 

 nictitans. 



That man has neither the ligamentum nuchas nor the in- 

 termaxillary bone, has been already explained. The fora- 

 men incisivum is common to the human species with qua- 

 drupeds : it is small and single in the former j double and 

 of considerable size in the latter. 



There are a few other parts, not found in many animals, 

 and sometimes erroneously ascribed to man ; such as the 

 pancreas Asellii, hepatico-cystic ducts, corpus Highmori, &c. 



