IN MENTAL FACULTIES. 203 



him : animals are not susceptible of the emotions or states 

 of mind indicated by these external signs. 



That many animals besides man secrete tears is well 

 known 5 but whether they weep from grief, is doubtful : yet 

 respectable witnesses have represented that they do so. 

 Steller states this of the phoca ursina *; Pallas, of the 

 camel t ; and Humboldt, of a small American monkey X- 



Whether any animals express mirth or satisfaction by 

 laughter is more doubtful, to say nothing of the other causes 

 of smiling or laughter in our species. The fact has been 

 asserted, for instance, by Le Cat, who says that he saw 

 the chimpanse both laugh and weep ||. The orang-utang 

 brought from Batavia by Mr. Abel certainly never laughs : 

 his keeper informs me that he has seen him weep a few times. 



I have had occasion in a previous lecture §, to advert to 

 these striking zoological phenomena, and to explain at 

 some length the views which I entertain respecting their 

 nature and cause. I consider the differences between man 

 and animals, in propensities, feelings, and intellectual 



* Nov. Comm. Acad. Scient. Petrop. ii. 353. " Tandum, cimi nos cum 

 catulis abituros videret, simili more ut fcmella adeo largiter lacryraabat, ut 

 totum pectus ad pedes usque lacrymis innndaret, qaod et post giavia inliicta 

 vulHcra contingit ; vel post gravem illatam injuriam, quam ulcisci nequit. 

 Observavi phocas captas simila ratione lacrymari." 



+ When the camel will not suckle its young, which is very rare, the Mon- 

 gols and the Daurian Tungooses have recourse to an expedient detailed by 

 Pallas, in which they employ a plaintive melody imitating the voice of the 

 young animal. This elicits copious tears from the old one, and completely 

 excites its maternal feelings. Sammlungen Ilistor. Nachrichten ilb. die Blon- 

 golischen V'olkerschajften ; th. i. p. 177. 



+ The Titi of the Orinoco ; saimiri, Buffon, t. 15; simiasciurea, Lin. 

 N^us, " Leur physionomie est celle d'un enfant; meme expression d'inno- 

 cence, m^me sourire malin, m^me rapidity dans le passage de la joie a la 

 tristesse. Les Indiens affirment que cet animal plere comme 1' homme, lors- 

 qu'il dprouve du chagrin; ct cette observation est tr^s exacte. Les grands 

 yeux du singe se mouUient de larmes a 1' instant meme qu'il marque de la 

 frayeur ou une vive inquietude." Recueil d' Observations de Zoologic et 

 d"" Anatomic comparee ; t. 1. p,33S. 



g Traiie de V Existence du Fluidc des Nerfs ; p. 35. 

 ^ Lect. IV.; p. 104. and foUoTTing. 



