MONGOLIAN VARIETY. 303 



readiness and accuracy in pourtraying them to the very life, 

 are well known, observed, in a tour through France and 

 Germany, that the lower and anterior part of the cranium is 

 larger in the French, tlie upper and anterior in the Ger- 

 mans ; and that the upper and posterior region is larger in 

 the former than in the latter. He was also struck with the 

 very fine forms of tlie skull in Italians, which coincides com- 

 pletely with what I have seen of them in this country. Our 

 decision then, on this very interesting subject, must be post- 

 poned at present, and await the result of more numerous 

 and accurate comparisons. 



Into minuter differences, such as the high cheek-bones 

 of the Scotch, the aquiline noses of the Jews and Arme- 

 nians, &c. 1 do not propose to enter. 



In the four following varieties of the human race we 

 observe, on comparing them to the Caucasian, a much less 

 perfect developement of the upper and interior parts of the 

 cranium, and very often a greater size of the face. This 

 and similar observations are to be taken in a general sense ; 

 individual modifications are numerous in all the varieties, 

 so that both the Caucasian and the dark-coloured divi- 

 sions furnish examples of individuals, which exhibit, in 

 each case respectively, the characters of the other ; yet in 

 many of the dark races, a low, narrow, and retreating fore- 

 head is a very striking and general character. 



The second, or Mongolian variety, includes those Asiatics 

 who do not come under the first division, and the inhabi- 

 tants of the northern parts of x\merlca and Europe. The 

 forehead is low and slanting, and the head altogether of a 

 square form. The cheek-bones stand out widely on either 

 side. The glabella and ossa nasi, which are flat and very 

 small, are placed nearly on the same plane with the malar 

 bones. There are scarcely any superciliary ridges. The 

 entrance of the nose is narrow ; the malar fossa forms but 

 a slight excavation. The alveolar edge of the jaws is ob- 

 tusely arched in front ; the chin rather prominent. This 

 formation is most strikingly exhibited in the Mongolian 

 tribes, which are widely scattered over the continent of 



