MONGOLIAN VARIETY. 305 



ters of the Mongolian race ascribed to what they call the 

 Tartars. The mistake has not been detected, even by the 

 most celebrated and classical modern historians ; for Dr. 

 Robertson * speaks of Zenghis as the Emperor of the 

 Tartars. 



For the illustration of this variety I refer to the engrav- 

 ing of a Calmuck's skull in Blumenbach's work {Dec. 

 alter. No. 14) ; and that of a Burat child (No. 29.) The 

 cranium is nearly globular ; the face broad and flattened 5 

 the forehead flat and wide ; the malar bones standing out 

 laterally ; the orbits very large and open ; the superciliary 

 arches elevated ; the general habit of the skull in a manner 

 swoln (quasi inflatus et tumidus). 



" The whole character of this skull corresponds to the 

 well-known Calmuck countenance, and agrees perfectly with 

 the engraving of a Calmuck skull published by J. B. de 

 Fischer f 5 but nothing can be more difl"erent from it than 

 the figure J in Camper's posthumous work on the facial 

 line, which he brings forward as a representation of a head 

 of the same race, and considers as a type of the formation 

 prevailing over all Asia, North America, and the numerous 

 islands of the Pacific Ocean. Without noticing the latter 

 opinion, which is contradicted by the slightest acquaintance 

 with the native inhabitants of these various regions, I shall 

 merely observe, that I am well convinced that the skull in 

 question belongs to that variety of the human race which is 

 the most widely diff^erent from the Calmuck, viz. to the 

 Negro. Although no national form is so constant as not to 

 be exposed to many deviations, and hence we meet among 

 Europeans with individuals approaching to the Negro or 

 Mongol characters, yet the form of the Calmuck head is so 

 completely contrary to that of the Negro, and the figure in 

 question bears so genuine and unequivocal an Ethiopian 



* History of America ; v. i. p. 45. 



+ Dissertatio Osteologica de Moiio quo Ossa se vicinis accommodant Par- 

 iibus. Lugd. Bat. 1743. 4to. tab. 1. 



:{: Traite Physique des Differences reelleSy &c. ; tab. i. fig. 4; tab. Hi. 

 fig. 3. 



X 



