30^) FORMS OF THE SKULL. 



character, that I am convinced the excellent author must 

 have been deceived, and consequently that his work, besides 

 European, contains only two African skulls*." 



The head of a Yakut f, from the remotest parts of Siberia 

 exhibits the same characters. A square face ; large orbits, 

 separated by a very considerable ethmoid bone ; the nasal 

 bones small, and running together above into a point. 



This is followed by the skull of a Tungoose X, of that de- 

 scription which are called Rein-deer Tungooses. The face is 

 flattened, and of great breadth across the cheeks 5 the fore- 

 head depressed ; the olfactory apparatus very considerable. 



The decades of Blumenbach contain also figures of ano- 

 ther Calmuck§, of a Burat child || a year and a half old, of 

 a Don Cossack %, a Daurian or Chinese Tungoose **3 and 

 an ancient inhabitant of Southern Siberia ff; all exemplify- 

 ing, in a more or less marked manner, the characters of the 

 Mongolian variety J J. 



The same characters are strongly expressed in the skull of 

 a Lapland female §§ ; and prove unequivocally that this race 

 belongs to the Mongolian variety. 



The third, or Ethiopian variety, comprehends all the Afri- 

 cans which are not included within the first or Caucasian 

 division ; all of whom partake more or less of the well-known 

 Negro form. 



The front of the head, including the forehead and face, is 



* Dec. alt. p. ix, x. t Ibid. tab. 15. | Ibid. tab. 16. 



^ Tab. 5. 11 T. 29. f T. 4. ** T. 23. 



+ + T. 33. This skull was taken from one of the very ancient burial places 

 which are found near the workings of old mines in the mountainous parts of 

 Siberia, and are ascribed by the natives to Tschudae or barbarians. They are 

 particularly described by Pallas, Rcise ilurch verschiedene Provinzen des 

 Russischen Reichs', t. iii. p. 608 et seq. Neither history nor tradition has 

 preserved any meraorials of the people whose remains and works are found 

 in these situations. The lightness of the skull, from the entire loss of the ani- 

 mal substance, corresponds with this fact in proving the high antiquity of this 

 race; and its physical characters accord with those of the tribes who now 

 occupy the same regions. 



■^^ A Calmuck skull of very characteristic forna is represented in E. San- 

 DiFORT Museum ^cademicum Lugd. Bat. v. i. tab. 1. 



^^ Dec. quinta ; tab. 43. 



