ETHIOPIAN VARIETY. 311 



Calmuck, the jaws are flattened, and tlie face wide, in both, 

 the bones of the nose are smaller and flatter than in the Eu- 

 ropean. Our Bosjesman had the jaws more projecting than 

 the Negro, the face wider than the Calmuck, and the nose 

 flatter than either. In the latter respect particularly, her 

 head came nearer to that-of the monkey than any I ever saw. 

 From these general arrangements many particular traits of 

 structure result : the orbits are very wide in proportion to 

 their height; the entrance of the nostrils has a peculiar 

 form ; the palate has a larger surface ; the incisor teeth are 

 more oblique ; the temporal fossa more extensive, &c. I 

 also find that the occipital foramen is proportionally larger 

 than in other heads ; which, according to the views of 

 SoEMMERRiNG, would indicate an inferior nature*." 



The characters of the Ethiopian variety, as observed in 

 the genuine Negro tribes, may be thus summed up ; 1. Nar- 

 row and depressed forehead ; the entire cranium contracted 

 anteriorly ; the cavity less, both in its circumference and 

 transverse measurements. 2. Occipital foramen and con- 

 dyles placed farther back. 3. Large space for the temporal 

 muscles. 4. Great developement of the face. 5. Promi- 

 nence of the jaws altogether, and particularly of their alve- 

 olar margins and teeth ; consequent obliquity of the facial 

 line. 6. Superior incisors slanting. 7« Chin receding. 8. 

 Very large and strong zygomatic arch projecting towards 

 the front. 9. Large nasal cavity. 10. Small and flattened 

 ossa nasi, sometimes consolidated, and running into a point 

 above. 



In all the particulars just enumerated, the Negro struc- 

 ture approximates unequivocally to that of the monkey. It 

 not only differs from the Caucasian model, but is distin- 

 guished from it in two respects ; the intellectual characters 

 are reduced, the animal features enlarged and exaggerated. 

 In such a skull as that of the Negro in the Collection of 

 Mr. Abernethy, which is strongly characterized, no per- 

 son, however little conversant with natural history or phy- 



* Ext rait ((''Observations sur la V^nus Hottentotte : Nem. du Museum^ 

 p. 270, 271. 



