MORAL AND INTELLECTUAL QUALITIES. 429 



sions of each, we must look deeper for their causes, and seek 

 them in some circumstances inseparably interwoven in the 

 original constitution of man. In conformity with the views 

 already explained respecting the mental part of our being, 

 I refer the varieties of moral feeling, and of capacity for 

 knowledge and reflection, to those diversities of cerebral or- 

 ganization, which are indicated by, and correspond to the 

 differences in the shape of the skull. If the nobler attributes 

 of man reside in the cerebral hemispheres ; if the preroga- 

 tives which lift him so much above the brute are satisfac- 

 torily accounted for by the superior developement of those 

 important parts ; the various degrees and kinds of moral 

 feeling and of intellectual power may be consistently ex- 

 plained by the numerous and obvious differences of size in 

 the various cerebral parts, besides which there may be pecu- 

 liarities of internal organization, not appreciable by our 

 means of inquiry. Proceeding on these data, we shall find, 

 in the comparison of the crania of the white and dark races, 

 a sufficient explanation of the superiority constantly evinced 

 by the former, and of the inferior subordinate lot to which 

 the latter have been irrecoverably doomed. 



If examples can be adduced, either of nations having 

 such a form of the brain and head, as that which charac 

 terizes the Caucasian variety of man, placed under favour- 

 able circumstances for the developement of their moral and 

 intellectual powers, and yet not advancing beyond the point 

 which has been reached by the African or American tribes 

 of the present time ; or of people, organized like the dark 

 varieties, and reaching, under any circumstances, that degree 

 of moral and intellectual cultivation which exists in the 

 several polished countries of Europe, the preceding reason 

 ing will be overturned ; if no such instances can be brought 

 forwards, the conclusion that.the marked differences between 

 the white and dark-coloured divisions of our species arise 

 from original distinctions of organization, and not from 

 adventitious circumstances, remains unshaken. 



I cannot but respect the feelings of philanthrophy, and 

 the motives of benevolence, which have prompted many of 



