OF THE HUMAN SPECIES. 



453 



liest authentic accounts. Conquests have been made by 

 small numbers, so that the races have been little changed 

 by this cause. Thus, when Clovis and his 30,000 Franks 

 reduced the large and populous province of Gaul under their 

 dominion, the bodily characters andthe language of the con- 

 querors were lost in those of the conquered. The nations 

 which have inhabited Europe for the last 2500 years, consist 

 of three great races, distinguished from each other by their 

 bodily formation, character, and language. 



" 1. The Celtic race, with black hair and eyes, and a 

 white skin verging to brown, occupies the west of Europe : 

 to this belongs the ancient and modern inhabitants of France, 

 Spain, Portugal, and the greatest part of Italy; the ancient 

 Britons, Welsh, Bretons, Irish, Scotch, and Manks. The re- 

 semblance of the Silures to the Iberi was noticed by Taci- 

 tus ; it is obvious to every observer in the present time ; 

 nor Is the observation peculiar to the Welsh ; It holds good 

 of all other Celtic nations. Silurum colorati vultus, et torti 

 plerumque crines, et posita contra HIspania, Iberos veteres 

 trajecisse, easque sedes occupasse, fidum faciunt. That 

 black hair and a browner complexion belonged to all the 

 Celts Is not only proved by many direct observations, but 

 also because the marks of the sanguine constitution were uni- 

 versally considered as the distinction of the German race. 



"2.* The great German race, characterized by its blue 



eyes, yellow or reddish hair, fair and red skin, occupies the 



middle of Europe, and includes the Swedes, Norwegians, 



Icelanders, Danes, ancient and modern Germans, Saxons 



and English, Caledonians or Plctee, and the Lowland Scotch, 



who have sprung from them ; the inhabitants of the Low 



Countries, the Vandals and Goths, &c. Historical records, 



and the similarity of language and character, both of body 



and mind, prove that all these people belong to'the same race. 



" 3. The east of Europe contains the Sarmatlan and 



Slavonic tribes, characterized by dark hair and eyes, and a 



darker skin than the German, with perhaps larger limbs 



than the Celts. To this division belong the Russians 



Poles, Croats, Slavons, Bohemians, Bulgarians, Cossacks 



