4G0 CAUSES OF THE VAIUETIKS 



copper colour, which, by the action of the sun and air, 

 grows darker. I must remark, tlmt neither heat nor cold 

 produces any sensible change of colour, so that the Indians 

 of the Cordilleras of Peru are easily confounded with those 

 of the hottest plains ; and those who live under the line can- 

 not be distinguished by the colour from those who inhabit 

 the fortieth degrees of north and south latitude*." 



Hearne t and Mackenzie J found the hunting tribes 

 in the cold regions about Hudson's Bay and thence to the 

 Frozen Ocean, copper-coloured and black-haired. Lewis 

 and Clarke § describe those on the Columbia, and near 

 its mouth, as of the " usual copper-coloured brown of the 

 North American tribes; though rather lighter than that 

 of the Indians of the Missouri, and the frontier of the 

 United States.'' Wafer || and Dampier % found the 

 same tint in the isthmus of Darien; Bouguer** and Con- 

 DAMiNE ft under the equator ; Stedman J J and others in 

 Brasil; Molina §§ in Chili; Wallis |1|| and Cook *t in Pa- 

 tagonia and Tierra del Fuego. Humboldt, whose exten- 

 sive opportunities of observation and philosophic spirit give 

 great weight to his statements, confirms these representa- 

 tions in the most ample manner. " The Indians of New 

 Spain bear a general resemblance to those who inhabit Ca- 

 nada, Florida, Peru, and Brasil : they have the same swarthy 

 and copper colour, flat and smooth hair, small beard, squat 

 body, long eye, with the corner directed upwards towards 



* Noticias Americanas ; cap. 17. p. 307 ; quoted in Humboldt, Personal 

 Narrative, 3,297. 



+ Journey from Hudson s Bay to the Northern Ocean; ch. 9. p. 305. 



:}: Travels through the Continent of North America ; prel. remarks; p, 92 ; 



^ Travels, 4 to, p. 437. 



II iVetr Voyage and Description, &c. p. 134. 



5 Voyage round the World; v. i. p. 7. 



** Acad, des Sciences, 1744, p. 273. 



ft Ibid. 1745. p. 418. 



^'^ Travels in Surinam, v. i. p. 395. 



^S Natural History of Chili, p. 274. Of the Araucans ; Cioil His- 

 tory,^. 54. 



111! Hawkesworth's Collection of Voyages, v. J. 374. 



*+ Ibid, V. 2. p. 55. 



