INTO FIVE VARIETIES. 481 



often want It ; also, that the characters of this variety run 

 by insensible gradations Into those of the neighbouring races, 

 as will be Immediately perceived by comparing together dif- 

 ferent tribes of this race, as the Foulahs, Jaloffs, Mandingoes, 

 Kaffers, and Hottentots, and carefully noting how. In these 

 gradational differences, they approach to the Moors, New- 

 Hollanders, Arabians, Chinese, &c. 



Again, great stress has been laid on the fact, that the 

 Negroes resemble, more nearly than the Europeans, the 

 monkey tribe : the fear of being drawn into the family, 

 even as distant relations, has, I believe, Induced many to 

 place our black brethren in a distinct species ; while others 

 have brought forwards this approximation to tlie slmaei, 

 with the view of degrading the African below the standard 

 of the human species, and thereby palliating the cruel hard- 

 ships under which he groans in the Islands and continent of 

 the New World. 



It Is undoubtedly true, that in many of the points, wherein 

 the Ethiopian differs from the Caucasian variety, it comes 

 nearer to the monkeys ; viz, In the greater size of the bones 

 of the face, compared to those of the cranium ; the low and 

 slanting forehead ; the protuberance of the alveoli and teeth ; 

 the recession of the chin ; the form of the ossa nasi ; the 

 position of the foreamen magnum occlpitale : the outline of 

 the union of the head and trunk ; the relative length of the 

 humerus and ulna, &c. This resemblance is most unequi- 

 vocally admitted by those who have minutely examined the 

 anatomical structure of the Negro *. It appears to me, that 

 this fact is not very important : if there are varieties of bo- 

 dily formation among mankind, some one of these must 

 approach nearer to the organization of the monkey than the 

 others; but does tliis prove that the variety in which the 

 conformity occurs, is less man than the others ? The soli- 

 dungular variety of the common pig is more like the horse 

 than other swine : do we hence infer, that the nature of 

 this animal In general is less porcine, or more like that of 



♦ SoEMMERRiNG Uler die korp. versch. Preface, p. H', and § 69. 



