486 DIVISION OF THE HUMAN SPECIES 



hair ; small beard, which is generally eradicated ; and a 

 countenance and skull very similar to tliose of the Mongo- 

 lian tribes. The forehead is low, the eyes deep, the face 

 broad, particularly across the cheeks, which are prominent 

 and rounded. Yet the face is not so flattened as in the 

 Mongols ; the nose and other features being more distinct 

 and projecting *. The mouth is large, and the lips rather 

 thick f. The forehead and vertex are in some cases deformed 

 by art. 



This variety includes all the Americans, with the excep- 

 tion of the Eskimaux. 



The redness of the skin is not so constant, but that it 

 varies in many instances towards a brown, and approaches 

 in some situations to the white colour. Cook states, that 

 the natives of Nootka Sound have a colour not very differ- 

 ent from that of Europeans, but w^ith a pale dull cast X' and 

 BoUGUER makes the same observation of the Peruvians on 

 tlie Andes. Humboldt observes, that "the denomination 

 of Copper-coloured men could never have originated in 

 equinoctial America to designate the natives §." Mr. Birk- 

 BECK says of the natives, whom he saw in the western terri- 

 tory of tlie United States, " that their complexion is various ; 

 some are dark, others not so sw^arthy as myself; but I saw 

 none of the copper-colour, which I had imagined to be their 

 universal distinctive mark ||." 



In describing the Chilians, Molina says, " Their com- 

 plexion, like that of the other American nations, is of a red- 



•» " If the Chaymas," says Humboldt, " and in general all the natives of 

 South America and New Spain, resemble the Mongol race by the form of the 

 eye, their high cheek-bones, their straight and flat hair, and the almost entire 

 want of beard, they essentially differ from thera in the form of the nose, 

 which is pretty long, prominent through its whole length, and thick towards 

 the nostrils, the openings of which are directed downwards, as iu all the na- 

 tions of the Caucasian race." Personal Narrative, v. iii. p. 224. 



+ For portraits of Americans, see Cook, Voyage towards the South Pole} 

 V. ii. p. 183. pi. 27 ; nativeof Tierra del Fuego ; and Voyage to the Pacific ; 

 pis. 38, 39, 46, 47, 54 ; natives of the north-west coast. 



+ Voyage to the Pacific ; v. ii. p. 303. 



\ Personal Narrative, v. iii. 223. 



Ij Notes on a Journey in America, p. 100. 



