CHAP. VIII.] ESSAYS AT CAMBRIDGE. 233 



As a further illustration he proceeds to trace the genesis 

 of phreno-niesmerism. 



Against the Theory of the Development of Doctrine he 

 sets the fact of the Education of Mankind. 



The Essay is highly ironical and full of caustic touches, 

 but it is difficult to detach them for quotation. 



" One great art in argument when you have the first 

 move is to divide everything into that which is and that 

 which is not in some assigned class. In this way you make 

 it the business of the opponent to discover what other 

 important things there may be which may be said of the 

 subject in hand. 



"... These subtle differences when further multiplied 

 by the application of the seven tests of development, would 

 require a seven years' apprenticeship with Thomas Aquinas 

 before anything could be said of them except assent or 

 contempt. 



"... In every human pursuit there are two courses 

 one, that which in its lowest form is called the useful, and 

 has for its ultimate object the extension of knowledge, the 

 dominion over Nature, and the welfare of mankind. The 

 objects of the second course are entirely self-contained. 

 Theories are elaborated for theories' sake, difficulties are 

 sought out and treasured as such, and no argument is to be 

 considered perfect unless it lands the reasoner at the point 

 from which he started. 



"... Some years ago I encountered a gentleman whose 

 main object was to discover the musical relations of the 

 number eleven. I hear on good authority that the question 

 is not only more perplexed but more interesting than ever. 



"... I have unaccountably passed over that Logic by 

 means of which many a powerful mind has persuaded itself 

 that it was usefully engaged while devoting a life to the 

 defence or attack of the fourth figure of the syllogism, and 

 that Metaphysics which even now seeks to find arguments 

 about the operations of the senses, while it rejects the aid 

 of physiology or any other appeal to facts. 



