462 JAMES CLERK MAXWELL. [CHAP. XIV. 



Dr. John Henry Newman has shown us how the doctrine 

 of post-baptismal sin became developed into the discovery of 

 Purgatory with all its geographical details. It would seem 

 as if the doctrine of original sin, in the hands of speculative 

 theologians, might open up to our view a far more trans- 

 cendental region, compared with which the stairs and terraces 

 and fires of purgatory are as familiar as those of our own 

 hearths and homes. 



As to my present state, Du Bois Reymond tells me that 

 not only my bodily but a large part of my mental functions are 

 performed by the motion of atoms under fixed laws, and his 

 result is that the finite mind, as it has developed itself 

 through the animal world up to man, is a double one, on 

 the one side the acting, inventing, unconscious, material 

 mind, which puts the muscles into motion and determines 

 the world's history : this is nothing else but the mechanics of 

 atoms, and is subject to the causal law ; and on the other 

 side the inactive, contemplative, remembering, fancying, con- 

 scious, immaterial mind, which feels pleasure and pain, love 

 and hate : this one lies outside of the mechanics of matter 

 and cares nothing for cause and effect. 



Dr. Drysdale tells me that not only my thinking powers 

 but my feelings are functions of the material organism, and 

 that I myself am such a function. He admits that I am 

 not material no function can be material, for matter is a 

 substance, and a function is not a being at all. Dr. Drysdale, 

 as a Christian materialist, follows his master Fletcher, who 

 says 



" As often as it shall be said that mind or the faculty of 

 thinking is a property of living matter, that it is born with 

 the body, is developed with the body, decays with the body, 

 and dies with the body, it is to be understood of the mind 

 only, not the soul. The soul is something not material 

 indeed, but substantial a divine gift to the highest alone 

 of God's creatures, responsible for all the actions of mind, 

 but as totally distinct from it as one thing can be from 

 another, or rather as something is from nothing." 



Dr. Drysdale, however, in order to save the dynamical 



