PINE VEGETATIVE ORGANS 231 



remove the external secretion of the resin, detach some 

 of the brown scale-leaves, which cover it externally. 

 Note 



1. The succulent base of these scales. 



2. Buds in their axils. 



Compare these winter-buds with some of the same which have 

 been cut in late spring. The brown scale-leaves will be found to 

 have fallen off, leaving their succulent bases still persistent ; in 

 the axils of these will be seen the axillary buds above noted. The 

 main axis of the bud has become elongated by extension of the 

 tissues. 



In studying the growth of the current year, bear in 

 mind that it has been derived from a bud which had 

 a similar structure to that which is now seated at its 

 apex. Examine the stem of the current year externally, 

 and note 



1. The thick main axis, more or less succulent in 

 appearance : its surface is marked by longitudinal 

 grooves. 



2. The brown tooth-like bases of the scale-leaves 

 of the bud, best seen at the lower part of the 

 internode. 



3. In the axils of these, especially at the upper part 

 of the internodes, are axillary buds of two kinds. 



a. Buds with limited growth (bifoliar spurs), 

 each bearing two acicular foliage-leaves, surrounded 

 at the base with numerous scale-leaves. These bifoliar 

 spurs occur in the axils of the scales throughout the 

 greater part of the current year's growth : in older parts 

 they may be found to have fallen off, the bifoliar spurs 

 separating as a whole from the parent branch. 



I. Buds with unlimited growth, which are seated 



