vii.] METHODS AND RESULTS OF ETHNOLOGY. 149 



Esquimaux ; and I do not know that there is any 

 satisfactory evidence to show that the Tunguses and 

 Samoiedes do not essentially share the physical characters 

 of the same people. Southward, there are indications 

 of Esquimaux characters among the Japanese, and 

 it is possible that their influence may be traced yet 

 further. 



However this may be, Eastern Asia, from Mantchouria 

 to Siam, Thibet, and Northern Hindostan, is continuously 

 inhabited by men, usually of short stature, with skins 

 varying in colour from yellow to olive ; with broad cheek- 

 bones and faces that, owing to the insignificance of the 

 nose, are exceedingly flat ; and with small, obliquely-set, 

 black eyes and straight black hair, which sometimes 

 attains a very great length upon the scalp, but is always 

 scanty upon the face and body. The skull is never 

 much elongated, and is, generally, remarkably broad and 

 rounded, with hardly any nasal depression, and but slight, 

 if any, projection of the jaws. 



Many of these people, for whom the old name of 

 MONGOLIANS may be retained, are nomades ; others, as 

 the Chinese, have attained a remarkable and apparently 

 indigenous civilization, only surpassed by that of Europe. 

 At the north-western extremity of Europe the Lapps 

 repeat the characters of the Eastern Asiatics. Between 

 these extreme points, the Mongolian stock is not con- 

 tinuous 1 , but is represented by a chain of more or less 

 isolated tribes, who pass under the name of Calmucks 

 and Tartars, and form Mongolian islands, as it were, in 

 the midst of an ocean of other people. 



The waves of this ocean are the nations for whom, in 

 order to avoid the endless confusion produced by our 

 present half -physical, half -philological classification, I 

 shall use a new name XANTHOCHROI indicating that 

 they are "yellow" haired and "pale" in complexion. 



