APPENDIX I. 119 



years later by Dr. Hirsch, the able astronomer of 

 Neuchatel in Switzerland, by means of Hipp's 

 chronoscope, which he so regulated as to obtain the 

 first part of the time T, i. e., that merely occupied^by 

 physiological processes, entirely free from the 

 second.* For that physiological part of the time 

 T, with reference to the part it plays in modern 

 astronomical observation, he proposed the name of 

 physiological time. The subject has since been taken 

 up, and as regards physiology more fully treated by 

 Dr. Schelske, of Berlin, whose experiments were 

 made at the Utrecht Observatory, by means of the 

 chronograph now in use among astronomers for 

 registering their observations. 



In this chronograph, as constructed by Krille, of 

 Hamburg, there is again a rotating cylinder, on 

 whose blackened surface two points or styles, a and b, 

 mark a spiral track. Each of them is fixed to the 

 keeper of an electro-magnet, and, when the keeper 

 is attracted, deviates a little from its path, so as to 

 trace a broken line. The circuit of the magnet A 

 is alternately made and broken by the pendulum of 

 a clock, in accordance wherewith the style a traces 

 a broken line like a a' in Fig. 3, every horizontal 

 segment of which corresponds to one second. The 

 circuit of the magnet B contains the primary coil of 

 the induction apparatus, whose secondary coil is 

 connected with the skin of the person experimented 

 on. Two keys, moreover, form part of this circuit : 

 a lever-key, which, when pressed down, keeps the 



* Moleschott's Untersuclmngen zur Naturlehre des Menschen 

 und der Thiere, Bd. ix., S. 183. 



