FOODS, FOOD-STUFFS, AND FOOD- ADJUNCTS. 23 



England ; and in 1882 we imported in all over 

 4,250,000 bushels of Oranges and Lemons. In 1886 

 we imported 3,261,460 bushels of raw Apples, of 

 which 1,647,052 came from the United States, whilst 

 of the raw fruit ' unenumerated ' imported during the 

 same year, 906,000 bushels came from Spain. 



In 1837 Pine-apples were almost exclusively home- 

 grown, and, necessarily, expensive ; but, writing in 

 1854, the late Professor Archer says :* ' The importa- 

 tion of Pine-apples from the Bahamas has now become 

 an extensive trade ; more than 200,000 were imported 

 in 1851 . . . . For export to Europe it is gathered 

 before it is quite ripe, and usually reaches England in 

 pretty good condition. The English-grown Pine- 

 apple usually is from ten to twelve shillings per pound, 

 while the imported ones rarely exceed half-a-crown for 

 the whole fruit.' In 1867 this fruit was first exported 

 from St. Michael's, in the Azores, 427 fruit being 

 despatched in that year. Much capital was then 

 invested, and in 1875-76 over 34,500 were sent out. 

 Since then the trade has so increased that those 

 islands, with the Madeiras and Canaries, now afford 

 us our chief supply, though, by the use of refrigerators, 

 they are now brought from the West Indies. Fruits 

 of various kinds, especially Peaches and Apricots, 

 having been exported in syrup from the United States, 

 mainly since 1867, the preservation of the Pine-apple 

 in this manner was first carried out at Nassau 

 (Bahamas) in 1874. 



Similarly, the trade in Bananas, of which fruit only 

 564 bunches were imported from St. Michael's in 

 * ' Popular Economic Botany,' p. 47. 



