FOODS, FOOD-STUFFS, AND FOOD-ADJUNCTS. 37 



Guinea corn (Sorghtim saccharatum, Willd.), or sugar- 

 millet, has long been grown in China, and has been 

 introduced successfully into the United States, France, 

 Italy, South Russia and Australia. Several varieties 

 are grown in America, of which the best, Minnesota 

 Early Amber, was tried at Belvoir by W. Ingram in 

 1880, but not very successfully. It may, however, 

 succeed as a fodder-plant. Its cultivation is declin- 

 ing in America, only 600,000 Ib. being made in 

 1885.* The Zulus cultivate an allied species (S. 

 caffrorum), under the name of ' Imphec,' both for 

 sugar and for its starchy seeds. 



PALM-SUGAR has been introduced into this country 

 since 1830, often, it is believed, as Cane-sugar. In 

 1850 it was estimated to form one-fifth of the sugar 

 imported ; but it is mainly consumed in India. It is 

 obtained from the ' toddy ' of several palms, especially 

 Phoenix sylvestris, Roxb., whence it is termed ' Date- 

 sugar.' The ' toddy ' flows from incisions in the 

 spadix, an average tree yielding about 35 Ib. of 

 'jaggery/ or raw sugar, annually. Other species 

 which yield * toddy ' are Borassus flabellifer, L., the 

 Palmyra Palm, Cocos nucifera, L., the Cocoa-nut, 

 Saguerus saccharifera, Bl., the Gomuti, Caryota urens, 

 L., the Kittool, and Nipa fruticans, Thunb. 



We consume in all upwards of a million tons of 

 sugar, or nearly 70 Ib. per head of our population, 

 annually. 



* W. Ingram, London, 1881, 12010. ; F. L. Stewart, Phila- 

 delphia, 1867, 8vo. ; New York, 1880, I2mo. 



