FOODS, FOOD-STUFFS, AND FOOD-ADJUNCTS. 67 



are used in Chartreuse, and the leaf-stalks are candied 

 as a sweetmeat. 



PEPPERMINT (Mentha Piperita, Hudson) is a 

 Labiate, the whole plant of which is rich in aromatic 

 essential oil. It is cultivated at Mitcham, Surrey ; 

 Wisbeach, Cambridgeshire ; Market-Deeping, Lincoln ; 

 and Hitchin, Hertfordshire ; but far more extensively 

 in New York, Michigan and Ohio, U.S.A., the oil 

 being used for cordials and sweetmeats. 



CARDAMOMS are the fruits of Elettaria Cardamo- 

 mum, Maton, of Malabar, and various other Zingi- 

 beraceous plants,* and are employed, as are GRAINS 

 OF PARADISE (Amomum Melegueta, Roscoe), to give 

 pungency to cordials and cattle-foods. 



CINNAMON is the ' liber/ or inner bark, of the 

 Lauraceous Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Breyne, grown 

 mainly in Ceylon. We import over 800 tons. Allied 

 species, chiefly C. Cassia, Blume, yield the bark known 

 as CASSIA BARK, CASSIA LIGNEA or CHINESE CASSIA, 

 and the unripe fruits called CASSIA-BUDS, largely im- 

 ported from Canton.f 



Besides the fresh, dried or candied peel of oranges, 

 lemons, and other species of Citrus, the essential oil of 

 lemons obtained from them, the oil of bitter almonds 

 and the artificial fruit-essences, to all of which allusion 

 has already been made, the most important flavourer 

 is Vanilla. 



VANILLA,! after being well known in the last 

 century, disappeared from trade, and was re-intro- 



* Hanbury, in * Pharm. Journ./ xiv (1855) 352, 416; and 

 1 Pharmacographia,' pp. 587-9. 

 t * Pharmacographia,' pp. 474-80. 

 % Augustin Desvaux, ' Pharm. Journ.,' vii (1847), p. 73. 



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