72 THE USES OF PLANTS. 



common Holly (Ilex Aquifolium, L.) have long been 

 used as tea in the Black Forest. 



Mention may be made here of two adulterants of 

 coffee, neither of v/hich contains Caffeine, or any 

 alkaloid : 



* MOCHARA CHICORY ' is prepared from roasted and 

 pulverized Figs.* 



'NEGRO-COFFEE,' brought to Liverpool from the 

 Gambia, is the seeds of Cassia occidentalis , L. It 

 proves to be very valuable as a febrifuge. j- 



DATE COFFEE, prepared from date-stones, has also 

 been introduced. 



PART II. MATERIA MEDICA. 



IN no division of Economic Botany has the history 

 of the introduction of new substances been so com- 

 pletely recorded as in that of Materia Medica. 

 Various works, such as Andrew Duncan's * Catalogue 

 of Medical Plants ' (Edinburgh, 1826), George Graves 

 and J. D. Morries' ' Hortus Medicus ' (Edinburgh, 

 1834), and especially Stephenson and Churchill's 

 'Medical Botany' (London, 1831), show us the state 

 of the study fifty years ago. The admirably thorough 

 records in the Pharmaceutical Journal from 1842 to 

 the present time, and Lindley's ' Flora Medica ' of 

 1846, carry on the story; whilst the complete historical 

 synopsis in Fliickiger and Hanbury's ' Pharmaco- 

 graphia' (1874) has received adequate illustration 



* Spon, ' Encyclopaedia of the Industrial Arts,' p. 707. 

 t Christy, 'New Commercial Plants,' No. 8, p. 40. 



