76 THE USES OF PLANTS. 



known as ' PAREIRA BRAVA,' and the restoration of 

 this remedy to the British Pharmacopoeia. The true 

 1 Pareira Brava ' is Chondrodendron tomentosum, Ruiz 

 and Pavon, the chief substitute for it, Cissampelos 

 Pareira, L., belonging to the same order. They 

 contain Buxine, C 18 H 21 NO 3 (formerly termed Pelosine 

 and Bibirine), and are valued as diuretics.*" 



Jateorrhiza palmata, Miers, ' CALUMBA ROOT,' a 

 native of the forests of East Africa, the large fleshy 

 roots of which contain several related bitter principles, 

 is much used as a mild tonic. It is shipped from 

 Zanzibar.f 



Anamirta Cocculus, Wight and Arnott, ' COCCULUS 

 INDICUS,' though now discarded from our Pharma- 

 copoeia, is still in use in India for destroying lice, and 

 is imported to the extent of about 50,000 Ib. of the 

 dried, berry-like fruit annually, at the price of seven 

 to nine shillings per cwt., mainly for re-exportation. 

 The seeds contain from four to one per cent, of the 

 poisonous picrotoxin Ci 2 H 14 O 5> and so stupefy fish 

 when thrown on the water. 



Tinospora cordifolia, Miers (= Cocculus cordtfolius, 

 DC.), ' GULANCHA/ has a bitter tonic root and stem, 

 and is used in India. 



BERBERIDACE^E. 



Berberis aristata> DC, B. Lycium, Royle, and B. 

 'asiatica, Roxb., yield the tonic bark known in India 

 as ' RUSOT.'J 



* Fliickiger, ' Neues Jahrb. f. Pharm.,' xxxi (1869), p. 257 ; 

 'Pharm. Journ./ xi (1870), p. 192; Hanbury, ib. (1873), PP- 8l, 

 102 ; * Pharmacog./ pp. 25-30 ; Bentley and Trimen, pi. n. 



f ' Pharmacographia, 3 pp. 22-5 ; Bentley and Trimen, pi. 13. 



% ' Indian Pharmacopoeia,' p. 436 ; Bentley and Trimen, pi. 16. 



