So THE USES OF PLANTS. 



G. indica, Choisy, yields from its seeds KOKUM 

 BUTTER, said to have been used to adulterate ghee, 

 and since recommended for use in pharmacy.* It 

 consists chiefly of stearin, so might be of use in 

 candle-making. 



Calophyllum inophyllum^ L., one of the most valu- 

 able timber-trees of the tropics, known as ' Poon ' or 

 ' Tamanu/ has in its seeds an oil known as ' NDILO ' 

 in Fiji, or as BITTER-OIL in India, recommended for 

 soap-making, but used locally for ringworm. f 



DIPTEROCARPACE^E. 



Dipterocarpus alatus, Roxb., D. turbinatus^ Gsertn. 

 fil., and other species, yield, on incision of the stem, 

 GURJUN BALSAM, or WOOD-OIL, the essential oil of 

 which has the composition of Copaiba, C 40 H 32 , for 

 which it is used as a substitute. It is imported from 

 Moulmein and elsewhere as ' East Indian Balsam 

 Capivi.' Its wood is used in boat-building, and the 

 balsam as a protective varnish against white ants.J 



Dryobalanops aromatica, Gaertn., yields the stearop- 

 tene known as Borneol,C 10 H 18 O, BORNEO or SUMATRA 

 CAMPHOR, which is so eagerly bought up by the 

 Chinese that it does not come into Europe. 

 MALVACEAE. 



Althaea officinalis, L., the MARSH MALLOW, a 

 British plant, has long been used as a demulcent. 



* Pereira, 'Pharm. Journ.,' xi (1852), p. 65 ; ' Comptes Ren- 

 dus,' xliv (1857), p. 1355 ; Bentley and Trimen, pi. 32. 



t 'Pharm. Journ.,' vol. xvii (1886). 



j Smith, ' Domestic Botany, 3 p. 477 ; * Kew Museum Guide,' 

 p. 17 ; ' Pharmacographia,' p. 81. 



Sir W. J. Hooker, in ' Pharm. Journ.,' xii (1852), p. 300 ; 

 4 Pharmacog.,' p. 464 ; W. T. Thiselton Dyer, Journ. Bot., 1874, 

 p. 98. 



