MATERIA ME DIC A. 83 



duce the leaves known as PERNAMBUCO JABORANDI, 

 containing pilocarpine and acting as a diaphoretic and 

 powerful sialagogue. It was introduced into Europe 

 in 1847, but not to England until 1874,* and has, in 

 1885, been admitted into the Pharmacopoeia. It has 

 been used with some success in hydrophobia. 



Ptelea trifoliata, L., ' SHRUB TREFOIL/ or ' WATER 

 ASH,' has been recommended as a vermifuge, and for 

 ulcers. f 



Toddalia aculeata, Pers., an aromatic prickly bush, 

 a native of India, yields a bark from its roots, used in 

 India as a stimulating tonic.J 



AURANTIACE.E. 



The peel of the Seville or Bitter Orange, the 

 ' Bigaradier ' of the French (Citrus vulgaris, Risso = C. 

 Aurantium, var. amara, L. = C. Bigaradia, Duhamel), 

 is an aromatic tonic ; but the other products of the 

 genus, the peel of the lemon (C. Limonum, Risso), the 

 essence or essential oil of Lemon, essence of Berga- 

 mot, obtained from the unripe fruits of the Calabrian 

 Bergamot Orange (C. Bergamia, var. vulgaris, Risso 

 and Poiteau), essence of Neroli, prepared from the 

 flowers, essence of petit grain, from the leaves and 

 shoots, and essence of orange-peel from the unripe 

 fruit of C. vulgaris, and, in the case of the last-men- 

 tioned, of C. Aurantium,'R.isso, and essence of Cedrat 



* Baillon and Holmes, ' Pharm. Journ.,' iv (1874), p. 850 ; v 

 (1874-5), PP- 364, 561, 569, 574, 5.8i, ?8i ; vi (1876), p. 750 ; vii 

 (1876-7), p. 10, 496, 731, 892 ; viii (1878), p. 892, with plate at 

 pi. 581 of vol. v ; Bentley and Trimen, pi. 48. 



f Bentley, 'Pharm. Journ.,' iv (1863), pp. 494-7. 



J ' Pharmacographia,' pp. 101-3. Bentley and Trimen, pi. 49. 



62 



