ii6 THE USES OF PLANTS. 



specimens collected in the Bahamas, by Daniell, in 

 1857-8, to be the true source of CASCARILLA BARK, 

 which is imported to a considerable extent as a tonic. 

 A spurious bark sometimes sent over is suggested by 

 Mr. E. M. Holmes to be that of C. lucidus, L.* 



C. niveus, Jacquin (C. Pseudo-Ckina, Schlecht), the 

 1 Quina blanca,' of Mexico, yields COPALCHI BARK, 

 occasionally imported as a quinine substitute.-)- 



C. Tiglium, L., yields from its seeds the power- 

 fully cathartic and rubefacient CROTON OIL. The 

 tree is a native of the Malabar Coast, and the seeds 

 are mainly imported from Bombay.]; 



Ricinus communis, L., the CASTOR OIL, a native of 

 India, long cultivated in Europe, but only admitted 

 to the London Pharmacopoeia in 1/88, contains oil to 

 the extent of about half the weight of its kernels. 

 We import over 1,800 tons of this oil annually, about 

 two-thirds from India and the rest chiefly from Italy. 

 It is a valuable mild purgative ; but is also used in 

 soap-making. 



Mallotus philippinensis, Mull. Arg. (^Rottlera 

 tinctoria, Roxb.), a tree common throughout the 

 Madras Presidency, has its capsules covered with 

 ruby-like glands which constitute the powder known 

 as KAMALA, or WARS. It is used as a dye for silk, 

 and during the last thirty years as a tsenifuge. It 

 was admitted to our Pharmacopoeia in 1864.!! 



* ' Pharm. Journ.,' v (1874), P- 810. 

 f Ibid., ix (1850). p. 463 ; and xiv (1855), p. 319. 

 J Bentley and Trimen, iv, pi. 239. 

 Ibid., iv, pi. 237. 



|| Smith, ' Domestic Botany,' p. 263 ; ' Pharmacographia,' 

 >. 515. Bentley and Trimen, iv, pi. 236. 



