ii8 THE USES OF PLANTS. 



ARISTOLOCHIACE.E. 



The rhizome of Aristolochia serpentaria, L., the 

 VIRGINIAN SNAKE-ROOT, is now used, generally with 

 Cinchona, as a stimulant tonic. A. reticulata, Nutt, 

 TEXAN SNAKE-ROOT, is also used, as are also its con- 

 geners in Peru, Brazil and India.* 



CUPULIFER^. 



The bark of our COMMON OAK (Quercus Robur, L.) 

 and the ALEPPO or TURKEY GALLS, produced by the 

 puncture of a gnat on the shoots of Q. infectoria, 

 Oliv., are important sources of the astringent Tannic 

 and Gallic Acids.f 



SALICACE^E. 



One of the most important discoveries of late years 

 has been that of SALICYLIC ACID (HC 7 H 5 O 3 ), as a 

 specific in many rheumatic affections. It is admitted 

 to the Pharmacopoeia as obtained from Betula lenta, 

 L., or Gaultheria procumbens, L. ; but the active prin- 

 ciple, SALldNfi, C 13 H 18 O 7 , now much used as a quinine 

 substitute, is obtained from the barks of Salix Rus- 

 selliana, Sm., *S. alba, L., vS. Caprea, L., S. fragilis^ L., 

 S.pentandra, L., S.purpurea, L., and other species of 

 that genus and of Populus. 



SANTALACE^. 



Santalum album, L., the SANDAL-WOOD of India ; 

 S. Freycinetianum, Gaudin, and vS". pyrularium^ A. 

 Gray, of the Sandwich Islands ; 6\ Yasi, Seemann, of 

 Fiji; 5. Austro-caledonicum, Vieill., of New Caledonia; 



* Bentley and Trimen, iv, pi. 246. 

 f Ibid.) iv, pi. 248, 249. 



