OILS AND OIL-SEEDS, ETC. 131 



Patchouli from Pogostemon Patchouli ', Pell. 



Wintergreen Gaultheria procumbens, L. 



Of those enumerated above, Ground-nut, Brazil-nut, 

 Olive, Poppy, Sunflower, Safflower, and nut oils, are 

 used as food. Colza, Rape, Candle-nut, German 

 Sesame, Madia, and Safflower are used as lamp-oils. 

 In soap-making, the principal materials employed are 

 Palm and Palm-kernel oil, Cotton-seed oil and Rosin, 

 or Colophony, in ordinary soaps ; Olive-oil in Castile 

 and Brown Windsor ; Cocoa-nut oil in hard soaps ; 

 Rape, Hemp, and Linseed oils in soft soaps ; and 

 Almond and Ground-nut oils and Cocoa-butter in 

 various toilet-soaps. Various essential oils are added 

 to give perfume, and many of the other oils men- 

 tioned are used to a less extent.* 



In candle-making, besides such animal or mineral 

 substances as Wax, Tallow, Spermaceti, Paraffin, and 

 Ozokerit, the most important substance employed by 

 far is PALM OIL, of which over 400,000 cwt. were im- 

 ported, in excess of the like amount exported, in 1882. 

 All the vegetable waxes, besides Palm-seed and Cocoa- 

 nut oils, Dika, Shea, Mahwa, and Nutmeg butters and 

 Chinese and Piney tallows are also used. Myrtle- 

 berry wax was formerly used in the United States, 



In perfumery, besides animal substances, such as 

 ambergris, civet, musk, and the essential oils already 

 referred to, use is made of many resinous substances, 

 such as Myrrh, Storax, Benzoin, Opoponax, and the 

 Balsams of Tolu and of Peru, and of a few artificially 

 prepared aromatic bodies. One of these latter, 



Professor Church in Bevan's ; Manufacturing Industries.' 



92 



