150 THE USES OF PLANTS. 



eluding AFRICAN COPAL, or GUM ANIME,* that of 

 ZANZIBAR (Bombay), from Trachylobium Horneman- 

 ianum, Hayne, as shown by Sir John Kirk ; that of 

 WEST AFRICA, from Guibortia copallifera, Bennett ; 

 that of SIBERIA, according to Mr. E. M. Holmes, from 

 a species of Idea; MEXICAN COPAL, JUTAHY-SEEA, 

 from Hymen&a Courbaril, L.,etc.; BRAZILIAN COPAL, 

 from Hymencea and Trachylobium martianum, Hayne ; 

 PINEY RESIN, or WHITE DAMMAR, or INDIAN COPAL, 

 from Vateria indica, L., and V. acuminata, Hayne, the 

 latter of Ceylon ; SAL DAMMAR, from Shorea robusta, 

 Gaertn., etc. ; DAMMAR, from Hopea robusta, Roxb., 

 etc. ; BLACK DAMMAR, from Canarium strictum, Roxb., 

 of Malabar; MASTIC, from Pistacia Lentiscus, L, and 

 BOMBAY MASTIC, from P. cabulica, Stocks, and P. 

 Khinjuk, Stocks ; LAC, produced by the punctures of 

 Schleichera trijuga, Willd., Butea frondosa, Roxb., 

 Ficus religiosa^ L., and many other trees rich in gum, 

 resin or saponaceous juice, by Coccus Lacca^ ; EAST 

 INDIAN DAMMAR (Dammar a orientalis, Lamb.); KAURI 

 or COWDIE GUM or RESIN (D. australis, Lamb.), of 

 New Zealandj ; produced also by D. ovata, Moore, 

 and D. Cookii ; D. lanceolata, Vieill., of New Caledonia, 

 D. robusta, C. Moore, of Queensland. It is also found 

 fossil. Selected, it is worth from 1155. to2OOs. per 

 cwt. It is, as is all Dammar, an introduction dating 

 mainly from 1851 ; but 5,500 tons were imported in 

 1880. D. vitiensis, Seem., yields FIJIAN COPAL. 

 SANDARAC, from Callitris quadrivalvis , Vent., of 



* O. Crease, 'Pharm. Journ./ vii (1847), p. 15. 

 f J. E. O'Conor, ' Lac,' Calcutta, 1876. 

 J ' Pharm. Journ.,' xi (1881), p. 939. 



