GUMS, RESINS, OLEO-RESINS, ETC. 153 



PALMACE^E : Damonorops. 



CONIFERS : Abies, Pinus, Dammara, Callitris. 



In this classification no place has been found for 

 the CAMPHORS, which are, as has been pointed out, 

 the stearoptenes of essential oils rather than true 

 resins. Of CAMPHOR there are, commercially speak- 

 ing, three kinds : 



(i.) COMMON or LAUREL CAMPHOR, from Camphora 

 officinarum, Nees. ( = Laurus, or Cinnamonium, Cam- 

 phord), of China and Japan, grown mainly in Formosa, 

 which, since 1868, has been free to European trade. 



(ii.) BORNEO or MALAY CAMPHOR or KAPUR 

 BARUS, shipped from Barus, sometimes called BAM- 

 BOO CAMPHOR, from its mode of packing, from 

 species of Dryobalanops. 



(iii.) NGAI CAMPHOR, of China, unknown in 

 Europe, though 3,000 worth is annually exported 

 from Canton. It is derived from Blumea grandis, DC., 

 a tall weed of the Tenasserim provinces, and from B. 

 balsamifera, DC., and is used in the ink-manufacture.* 



Though INDIA-RUBBER and other forms of CAOUT- 

 CHOUC have long been known, the Caoutchouc trade 

 may truly be said to be that of the last quarter of a 

 century. For in 1830 we only imported 464 cwt., in 

 1840, 6,640 cwt, in 1850, 7,616 cwt., but in 1870, 

 152,118 cwt., and in 1886, 194,748 cwt. Nearly half 

 of this last amount, which is exclusive of GUTTA 

 PERCHA, came from Brazil, the Gold Coast and 

 Bombay contributing the next largest amounts. The 

 enormous extension of the trade between 1850 and 



* Bentley and Trimen, iii, pi. 222, ' Pharmacographia,' pp. 458- 

 466. 



