162 THE USES OF PLANTS. 



from $ to nearly 10 per ton, and we import from 

 40,000 to 60,000 tons annually.* 



Ccesalpinia echinata, Lam., BRESIL DE ST. MARTHA, 

 an allied tree, yields NICARAGUA, LIMA, or PEACH 

 WOOD ; C. brasiliensis, L., now almost extinct, yields 

 HRAZILETTO-WOOD ; C. Sappan^., SAPPAN, or BUK- 

 KUM-WOOD, and its roots, YELLOW-WOOD or SAPPAN 

 ROOT ; C. Crista, L., possibly BRAZIL-WOOD ; Baphia 

 nitida, Afzelius, of West Africa, CAM-WOOD or BAR- 

 WOOD ; and Pterocarpus santalinus, L. fil., and Aden- 

 anthera pavonina, L., both large Indian leguminous 

 trees, yield RED SANDAL or RED SANDERS WOOD. 

 All these Leguminosae, except Yellow-wood, are used 

 as red dyes.f 



FUSTIC or OLD FUSTIC, a fine yellow dye, is the 

 wood of a large West Indian tree of the order Moracese, 

 Madura tinctoria, Nutt, whilst the smaller branches 

 of the Anacardiaceous VENETIAN SUMACH, Rhus 

 Cotinus, L., are known as ZANTE FUSTIC or YOUNG 

 FUSTIC. 



MADDER, the root of Rubia tinctorum, L., a British 

 plant, still considerably grown in France, and its 

 Indian ally, MUNJIT, R. cordifolia, L., have been 

 already referred to. 



CHAY ROOT, Oldenlandia umbellata, L., a native 

 of Java and Coromandel, and the INDIAN MULBERRY 

 root, Morinda citrifolia, L., and other species possibly, 

 also belonging to the Rubiacece, are used in India as 

 red dyes, the latter, especially, for red cotton turbans. 



TURMERIC, the rhizome of Curcuma longa> L., has 



* ' Pharmacographia,' p. 186. Bentley and Trimen, ii, p. 86. 

 f Archer, ' Popular Economic Botany,' pp. 203-207. 



