FIBRES A AD PAPER-MATERIALS. 169 



Bambusa arundinacea, L., and B. vulgaris, Wendl., 

 yielding 5 to 10 tons of dry young shoots per acre ; 

 recommended by Mr. Routledge for paper. 



Bcehmeria nivea, Hook, and Arn., B. Puya, Hook., 

 of Nepal, and perhaps other species, CHINA GRASS, 

 ORTIE DE CHINE, RAMIE, RHEA, capable of being 

 grown in the climate of Cornwall, a substitute for 

 cotton, the best flax, wool, silk, Pita, Manila hemp, 

 or Phonnium. Too dear for paper. 



Broussonetia pnpyrifera, Vent., and B. Kcempferi, 

 Sieb., PAPER MULBERRY, used in Japan for paper, 

 and a little of it here in the best plate-paper ; but 

 costing 30 a ton.* 



Calotropis gigantea, Br., YERCUM or MUDAR ; re- 

 commended for paper. 



Cannabis sativa, L., HEMP, a native of Northern 

 India and temperate Asia, cultivated for centuries in 

 warm and temperate regions, is mainly used for 

 cordage. It is imported mostly from Russia, but 

 also from India, Italy, etc. 



Gary ota ttrens, L., KlTTOOL or INDIAN GUT. The 

 ramenta have been imported since 1860 from Colombo, 

 at 3jd. to lod. a pound, for brushes. 



Cocos nucifera, L., the COCOA-NUT, from the meso- 

 carp, or fibrous husk, of the fruit of which is obtained 

 the valuable fibre known as CoiR, used for cordage in 

 India, and imported in enormous quantities for mat- 

 ting from Ceylon, Bombay, etc. 



Corchorus capsularis, L., and C. olitoritts, L., JUTE, 



was manufactured tentatively in the last century at 



Abingdon, and between 1825 and 1840 at Dundee. 



From the latter date it has formed the staple industry 



* R. H. Collyer, ' Rheea Fibre,' Calcutta, 1880, 8vo. 



