86 



THE APPLE, 



Fig. 60 —Ap-ple affected wUh scab. 



It also attacks pears. Figure 60 shows the appearance of an apple 

 affected with this disease. It not only injures the appearance 

 of the fruit, and conse- 

 quently its market value, 

 but seems to dwarf its 

 growth. It is only occa- 

 sionally abundant in this 

 state, and as a rule our 

 hardy varieties are not in- 

 jured by it. In case it be- 

 comes abundant it may be 

 prevented by spraying the 

 trees with Bordeaux mix- 

 ture, made as recommend- 

 ed in the chapter on straw- 

 berries, but diluted by 

 adding twice as much 

 water. Spray the trees 

 with it as soon as the first 

 leaves appear ; again just 

 after bloom, and a third time two or three weeks later. If rainN 

 are frequent in June a fourth spraying should be given in th& 

 latter part of that month. 



Insects.— Flat-headed Apple Tree Borer {Ghrysohothrh 

 fetnorata). This borer is quite abundant in some sections, but 

 generally does not cause serious losses here. It prefers to work 

 in trees that are newly transplanted, or weakened by some dis- 

 ease, and makes its borings in the trunk and larger branches, often 

 completely girdling them. It is the larva 

 of a beetle which is oblong, flattish in 

 form, and of a shining greenish-black 

 color, about three-eighths of an inch 

 long. The beetles emerge from the bor- 

 ing in the trees in the early summer. 

 They are very active in the middle of 

 warm days, and may be found in the hot 

 sunshine running up and down the 

 trunk of the tree, whence they fly quickv 

 ly if an attempt is made to catch them. 

 They lay their eggs, which are yellow, 

 under loose scales on the bark, or in 

 cracks and crevices. The young soon 

 hatch and eat their way through the 



^, _,,,,, , , bark, feeding on the sap wood. As the 

 Fig. G\.— Flat-headed apple , v ^ -i. -^ ^^ 



free borer,- a. larva (bot-en; ^orer a,ppro&ches maturity it usually 



b, pupa: d, beetle somewhat bores into the more solid wood, and 

 enlarged. 



into the beetle form, 

 forms. 



finally out to the bark, where it changes 

 Figure 61 showo the borer in its severa,! 



