21 



eat, this shoot should be cut back to the lowest well-developed bud, which will be nea? 

 the grouud, aud the same course of tying and removing laterals pursued as directed 

 the previous year. If the vine is a very strong one, it will show bloom for three 

 bunches of fruit, which may be suppressed or suffered to go on to maturity according 

 to the strength of the vine. If the vine is of the strongest character, and of prolific 

 habit, fruit may had the first season and two shoots grown the second season, as will 

 be hereafter shown ; but a strong one must be grown before attempting to grow two. 



DESCRIPTION OF PLATES. 



PLATE No. 1. 



A is a vine of one upright shoot, as a strong vine should be at the end of the second 

 season ; s s' is a lateral springing from the axil of a leaf that has been twice pinched 

 at one leiif each time, first at s, and second at s'. Every bud on the shoot had a 

 " lateral" that received similar treatment, or perhaps that required pinching a third time. 



a, b, c, d, e, are the points at which it may be cut to fit it for the Thomery system, as 

 shown in plate 2 ; x and x are two shoots at the end of the third season, whose 

 treatment has been the same as was that of A during the second season, x x repre- 

 sent the same shoots laid down for arms, four feet long each way from the standard; on 

 the left but a portion of the arm is shown from deficiency of size of plate. On the 

 left below, two shoots, one double and one single, of the lower coarse are shown, by 

 dotted lines at E, growing out of arm x x. (See complete sj^stem in plats called 

 Thomery, plate 2.) In like manner, arms might have been taken at b, c, d, or e, as 

 indicated by the faint lines showing where shoots might have been, instead of at a. 



For a single system only one pair of arms are taken from one vine ; at the height of 

 b, another pair are taken from another vine, and so on, as at c, and d, and e. The 

 shoots spring from one bud on each side, and all of the other buds are rubbed off. If 

 a double system is required, so that the standards may not be inconveniently near to 

 each other, two sets of arms are taken ; we may suppose one set at d, and another at e, 

 or if desirable at a much greater height ; but if at a greater elevation than at e, another 

 year will be required for the preparation of the cane for a standard. It may be re 

 marked that the long growth of one year is called a shoot. If it is for the next sea- 

 son, cut short — that is, the length to one or two buds — it is called a spur ; if the length 

 of a foot or more, it is called a cane. After the second year the cane becomes a stand- 

 ard. (See plate 11, where the standards support the arms at different elevations, and 

 the arms support the " cordons," or courses, on which the fruit is borne.) See 4. 



B and D are elegant methods of growing vines on stakes, and suitable for the gar- 

 den. C is the German method of making bows, and is suitable for vineyard or garden, 

 and E is a short spur and renewal plan, well adapted for gardens. 



At the stage shown in the plate, it is supposed to be fourteen years old. H below 

 marks the third or perhaps the fourth year ; and at H above each succeeding year 

 is marked, adding a spur and two shoots on each side yearly, or rather each year add- 

 ing a shoot on each side, and at the same time converting the previous year's shoots 

 into spurs, each bearing two ahoots. Every shoot is supposed to bear three bunches 

 of grapes, and every shoot alternately by pruning becomes a spur, bearing two shoots, 

 and every spur is alternately renewed, so that it may be called a biennial short spur 

 renewal system. For the garden this is quite ornamental, and in skillful hands will 

 work admirably ; but is far less simple than that shown in plate 2, and if for want of 

 care or skill the lower spurs be lost, the loss may be considered final. 



All systems suppose one upright shoot to be provided, as at A, to start from at the 

 begmnng of the third season, except in case of layers of remarkable vigor, when the 

 course of training may be commenced at the beginning of second season. 



