27 



Plate ISTo. 7 represents n, layer in side-view, as seen from tlie east, having its roots 

 pruned, placed in an excavation seven inches deep and eighteen inches square, with its 

 axis or vertebra from which the roots spring lying upon a ridge two inches high, run- 

 ning north and south. 



Plate No. 8 represents the same as seen from the south, ready to be covered with soil. 



In planting, let the axis be kept immovable by gentle pressure, the operator facing 

 the east, andlaying the back of his hand lightly upon it about the middle. ■ 



On the right or east side twelve roots will be seen, five of which are to be gathered 

 up into the left hand lying with its back upon the axis. In taking up the roots, count 

 from the south or the end farthest from the stake, taking the second, third, fifth, seventh, 

 and eleventh, holding them away from those that are left lying, which are to be equally 

 spaced, and covered with about an inch of soil, or perhaps a little more, having the 

 fibers also of each root carefully distributed and separated in the soil. This being done, 

 place the five that have been held in the left hand in the same manner. 



On the left or west side, take up the first, third, sixth, ninth, and eleventh, with which 

 proceed as before, covering the last, as before directed, working the soil carefully to its 

 place with the hands. 



When the purchaser receives the vine, it will be cut at the upper mark. After the 

 planting it is to be cut at the lower mark ; and when the shoots have become strong 

 enough to permit one to be tied, the other is to be rubbed off, retaining only one for 

 the benefit of the vine, or three if for immediate bearing. _ _ 



Dano-er from drought is to be guarded against, or some injury will be sustained, often 

 to the loss of nearly a season's growth, and not unfrequently to the destruction of vines 

 that have been planted in the best manner, but afterward neglected in this respect. 



The severity of drought is caused more by the effect of drying winds than by the 

 absence of rain, and does not occur to a great extent in grounds that are sheltered from 

 their influence. 



A moderately moving atmosphere does not take, during the day, more moisture than 

 it returns to a well-prepared soil at night ; consequently, protection from the strong 

 action of the wind will in a great measure secure from the severe effects of drought, as 

 shown in blight and shriveling of the foliage. 



Thorough shelter from at least two of the four quarters is very desirable for all hor- 

 ticultural subjects, but a very simple arrangement will protect newly-planted vines 

 from all danger of injury. 



Two boards, each one foot wide and eighteen inches or two feet long, nailed together 

 so as to form a right-anglea triangle, with one outer side facing north and the other 

 west, placed so as to contain the plant within the angle, as shown in Plate No. 9, 

 forms a very cheap and pretty good shelter. 



Plate No. 9. 



Plate No. 10. 



One better may be made of three boards, forming a square, to be placed with the open 

 side facing the south-east, as shown in Plate No. 10. 



A box without a bottom, or made to receive a sliding-pane of glass, forms a still 

 more effective shelter, and one that will enable the plant to make an important start in 

 advance of the season, by which it will regain all that has been lost by transplanting. 



Vines with very small roots, although perfect in health, can not be covered with 



