28 



mucli deptli of soil without being destroyed, and tlicy can not endure the absence of 

 moisture, which they must often incur when near the surface, without being destroyed. 

 To have the border become completely and uniformly occupied with roots, liber, and 

 rootlets, from its surflice to its depth, the beginning of growth, after transplanting, 

 must be at some distance from the surface, so that the center, from which all the roots 

 spring, may be toward the middle of the perpendicular measurement of the border-, or 

 below it when worked only of moderate depth. 



Instead of placing the axis of the vine, which we have just planted, at four or six 

 inches from the surface, a temporary surface is made, from six to ten inches below the 

 level of the border, to which the vine bears the same relation in planting, as it has been 

 made to sustain, by the operation jusi described, to the actual level of the border. 



The excavation being made to whatever depth may be fixed upon, which will depend 

 upon the size of the plant in some degree, as well as upon the circumstances of the 

 border, and from eighteen inches to two feet in diameter in each direction, the planting 

 is to be done precisely as before directed, leaving from six to ten inches of the excava- 

 tion unfilled, and keeping it clear to that depth during the growing-season. 



This little pit furnishes the shelter which is so important in the vineyard, especially 

 where it would be rarely given otherwise ; and the temporary surface being below the 

 action of the drjang winds, is easily kept from an injurious degree of drought. 



If watering becomes necessary, there will not be need of frequent rqoetition, and the 

 'quantity required to be effective will be very small, and it must be noted that water- 

 ing while the sun shines, except when it is low, is not safe. 



At the time of planting, if the weather is very warm and the soil rather dry, one 

 quart of water to each vine, from the fine rose of a watering-pot, will often secure a 

 good season's growth that would otherwise be very small. 



The weather is never too hot or too dry for our best hardy vines, if the proper con- 

 ditions are furnished for their roots, and the leaves are protected from exhausting 

 winds. 



When vines are gi'own in different forms from the layers, as from single eyes, a little 

 modification is required in forming the bottom of the excavation. 



The roots which radiate from a center should have that center placed upon a cone 

 instead of a ridge. The same attention is required in placing the roots which are also 

 to be pruned. 





I '^^<^^\i^^^H#^^ 



riate No. 11. 



Plate No 12. 



Plate No. 13. 



The excavation shown in Plate No. 11 is for a very strong vine, like the one repre- 

 Bcnted in Plate No. 7, or in No. 8, but the plan is upon a very small scale; and is 

 sixteen inches deep, four inches of which is to be filled with fine soil, and the little 

 conic elevation of two inches, ujjon which the center is to rest, is also to be made of 

 the same. The covering of the roots will be four inches above the top of the cone, 

 which Avill leave a cavity of six inches, as seen in Plate No, 12, where the planting is 

 represented as completed. At D is seen a mound of soil, which is to remain during the 

 season of growing, after which, late in the fall, it is to be put into the excavation to 

 remain, if the vine has made a strong growth ; but if only a feeble cane has been pro- 



