38 



A more extensive and thorough plan would be two liundred feet wide, and any 

 greater length desirable, with a northerl}^ wall twelve or fifteen feet high, which would 

 be the proper dimensions for an extensive fruit-garden, the northern wall of which, 

 with its border, would be occupied with vines, and the remaining ground with espaliers 

 and rows of dwarf trees chiefly. Shelter from the north is ahvays advantageous for 

 every horticultural operation, and should be provided for the kitchen-garden not less 

 than for the fruit-garden or for both combined, numerous plans for which will be given 

 in Landmarks. 



Such a border and trellis as is represented on page 36, well furnished with Delaware 

 and lona vines, is capable of affording results fully equal to those of a well-managed 

 cold vinery of the same dimensions, for the advantage and enjoyment of a family, and 

 at one tenth the care and expense required by the vinery. 



The border is twenty or twenty-one feet wide, and of any desirable length, not les:^ 

 than twenty -five feet, which is the proper width of a span-roofed house. 



But for a cold house the border should be at least eight feet wider than the structure 

 on each side, for the most convenient and advantageous management. 



This collective trellis will afford many feet more of bearing area than can be had 

 from a house of the same dimensions of ground measurement, and the' same time nearly 

 will be required to bring each into full bearing. 



But by the use of suitable plants, the trellis will yield a valuable amout of fruit im- 

 mediate! v, and will be greatly in general advance of the ordinary progress of a house 

 in productiveness. 



When the greatest degree of permanence is required, the vines on the principal trellis 

 require from four to six years to place them in full bearing, although they will give a 

 large amount of fruit after the second year. The other trellises require respectively one 

 and two years less time, and as little as any mode that can be adopted. For immediate 

 and permanent results, there is no method that can surpass or equal this in the fruit- 

 garden. 



Shelter in spring and fall, with protection from tempests and tearing winds, which 

 sometimes cause damage in summer, is one of the provisions that are required to make 

 the greatest degree of certainty in the perfection of ripening wherever the grape is 

 growD, but especially toward the northern limit of its cultivation. 



Instead of taking the vines to the wall, and making full protection for them there, as 

 shown in Plates 27 and 33, I devised a simple plan for placing the shelter by the vines 

 as they might stand in the garden, and at the same time arranged the planting and 

 training so that they might be easily laid down and covered in winter, which is advan- 

 tageous to vines where it is not absolutely required, increasing the earliness, quantity, 

 and quality of the produce. 



Plate 34 shows the detail of the plan by which the whole is to be accomplished. 



The planting, bedding, and training are the same as for ordinary vineyard manage- 

 ment, except that the arms, for convenience in covering, may be made a little lower 

 than consistent with entire avoidance of spattering of the fruit without a little protec- 

 tion. At Fig. 1 the vine is seen from the south, with the shelter in place, immediately 

 after uncovering the vines in the spring, the farther side of the shelter resting on the 

 ridge of soil that covered the vine during the winter. A section of the ridge is shown 

 at Fig. 4, where the shelter is seen from the northerly side. The shelter may be most 

 cheaply made of thin boards, but will be much better made of glass. 



At Fig. 2 is seen a vino representing two canes in bearing, which will be referred to 

 when treating of training!' When the shelters are made of glass or boards they may 

 be set upright on the northerly side of the vines, and afford the jDrotection of a wall 

 during the season, greatly to the advantage of the vines and fruit. At Fig. 5 is seen a 

 ridge covering the vines in winter, the end being a section discovering the stock of one 

 of the vines. 



The shelters are placed under cover during the winter. The construction and man- 

 ncr of using will be fully given in Landm^arks. The drawings were made for illustrat- 



