47 



But let the student who wishes to learn, first lay aside all preconceived ideas, and 

 at the same time avoid substituting any theories of his own until mine are fairly un- 

 derstood from the beginning to the end of the chapter. There is not any doubt or 

 r^bscurity belonging to the subject, and any man or woman, who will follow me with 

 undivided attention, will be able to manage vines according to any good system suc- 

 cessfully and pleasantly. 



Here are engravings drawn from two living 

 plants, by which I shall be able to point out 

 and explain, as clearly as from the actual vine, 

 all of the operations required in pruning and 

 training during the two or three first years of 

 their growing in garden or vineyard. The vines 

 appear to stand on the south side of a trench 

 about two feet wide, and eight or twelve inches 

 deep. Of the object of that I will not now 

 speak, as it has nothing directly to do with my 

 present purpose, but its object will clearly ap- 

 pear when I. come to treat of layering, both for 

 the production of plants and for strengthening 

 those already planted. 



At Plate 44 is seen a vine that has made its 

 first strong bearing cane, or perhaps that has 

 borne its first two or three bunches under prop- 

 er management. This has actually borne two 

 bunches, and the vestiges of the stems from 

 which they were taken may be seen opposite 

 the two laterals which are represented. The 

 stock from which it grew was pruned to two 

 buds, both of which shot forth in the spring, 

 but as soon as the lower one had made sufficient 

 length and firmness to admit of its being tied 

 to the stake which was set for its support, (but 

 not represented in the plate,) the upper shoot 

 was rubbed ofi", and soon after the last season's 

 wood was cut, just above the lower cane, so that 

 the season's growth has partially covered the 

 scar, and next year it will be nearly obliterated. 

 As it grew, leaves were formed at every joint, 

 and at the base of every leaf (in its axil or arm- 

 pit) were formed two buds ; one (called the an- 

 ticipative) immediately pushed forth into a shoot, 

 (called a lateral^) and the other remaining dor- 

 mant waits for the spring to send forth a shoot that will form a cane to be garnished 

 Vv'ith fruit if the vine is of fruit-bearing age. 



The "laterals" are sometimes called "secondary shoots," as well as "anticipative." 

 These, on any vigorous vine, will sometimes put forth a secondary crop, if they are 

 not "stopped," which will rarely ripen, and is never valuable. 



When the laterals have made three or four leaves, they should be pinched off so 

 as to leave only the lower or first leaf, as seen in the engraving. The bud at "the 

 base of this leaf will soon push forth and need stopping, as before, at one leaf 

 above or beyond the former stopping. Thus, in addition to the primary leaf we 

 have two secondary leaves, and before the end of July there will be on young vines 

 pi-obably four secondary leaves resulting from as man}'' stoppings. After the last of 

 July, in the vineyard, the laterals may be suffered to grow on undisturbed to the eud 

 of the season. If the plants are growing in nursery, and especially layers, they 

 should have the laterals stopped until the first of September. At that time the main 

 cane should be stopped, as at e, and when it shoots out again, after making four or 

 five leaves it should be again stopped, as at/ This stopping- of the main cane not 



Plate No. 44. 



Plate No. 46. 



