ing, carrying a iiioderate crop, Lut such as a woll-trcatcd vine will always finisli out 

 ill perll'ctiou of quality witliout overtasking its own powers for the protection of its 

 wood and general health. If a constant system is pursued, a stout stake or small 

 [)ost will be required, as shown in the plate. If a renewal or half renewal plan is 

 adopted, the arm may be fastened to the stake of the adjoining vine, as shown by 

 the middle one. 



On this the different operations performed in different years may be brought to 

 mind b}'- the scars, as seen at a, when it was but a single shoot at b b, when it was of 

 two canes, and then the first formation of the spurs on the arm, and also of the spur 

 from which the three canes sprung, which are supported by the stake. The cut, to 

 make the spur of three eyes is indicated, by which the long canes are provided for 

 the coming season. The same may also be seen on the vine at the left and at c, the 

 manner of pruning the double canes, the upper one always being taken away by 

 cutting through the spurs or old wood — two buds being left on the lower cane which 

 forms its spur from which next season's canes are to spring. To make two canes 

 spring from those that last season were single, cut, leaving two buds, from each of 

 which a shoot will push. The fruit is supposed to have been removed from the vines 

 which are carrying none, all being of the same age. 



Should any of our readers visit the vineyard of J. B. Mottier, Cincinnati, Ohio, 

 next season, they may see fruit and vines as regularly disposed as in the engraving. 



The stopping of the caues is clearly shown at the tops of both the long and the 

 short ones, but the scale is too small to represent the stopping of the laterals, none of 

 which are represented. 



Plate No. 51 represents a vine in full crop with all of the leaves removed except 

 from one cane, according to the renewal method. It may be remarked in passing, 

 that possibly for a time heavier crops may be grown in this way by renewal, but the 

 best and highest flavored fruit, and consequently the best wine will be produced by 

 the permanent plan. Which is the best has not yet been demonstrated. 



Plates No. 52, 53, 54 represent the single bow plan as practiced in Ohio, and also 

 pretty extensively in Germany and some other parts of Europe. The prepartitory step 

 in this, as in all other plans, is first to obtain one strong cane like that shown by Plate 

 No. 44. One of the objects very desirable in the management of the vineyard be- 

 yond those of the regulation of the crop and systematic adjustment of the lengtli of 

 canes and quantity of foliage to the amount of fruit, is cheapness of support or trellis. 

 This is one of the great recommendations of the bow method, only one stake being 

 employed for each stock. It is very fjir from being a perfect plan, but large crops 

 are produced by it, and the vinos are without difficulty maintained in their established 

 condition. Each cane as it springs from the bow is disposed in a different direction, 

 but by the weight of the fruit all before- the end of the season are inclined to a pen- 

 dent direction. The size of the bunches and berries does not vary greatly in those 

 which spring from different parts of the bow, but the fruit bome on the canes least 

 turned from the horizontal direction ajid nearest the stock is best. 



The bow plan is from nccessitj^ one of renewal, for both the bow and the bearing 

 canes are too unfavorably circumstanced for maintaining their health and vigor, to 

 be continued for the production of fruit the next season. At pruning, the bow is 

 cut away, and the upper one of the three tall canes ; one of the remaining canes is 

 cut of sufficient length to make the bow, and the lowest is pruned to a spur of 

 three eyes to reproduce the three long canes. A serious objection to this plan be- 

 sides the inequality of the fruit, is the want of support to the bearing canes by 

 which both leaves and fruit are damaged and sometimes lost by swinging loose in 

 the wind. The plates scarcely need any explanation. No. 60 represents the two 

 strong canes, ready for pruning, with the places for cutting, marked. No. 51 repre- 

 sents the same pruned, with the • spur and long cane, the latter also bent into the 

 bow ; the three lines from Z, pointing, to the three buds of the spur from which the 

 long canes are to spring, as seen in Plate No. 53, wdiich represents the vine in full 

 bearing. Plate No. 54 represents the same plan doubled, with a partial support to 

 the bearing canes. At F F, the mai'k for cutting away the bows after fruiting, the 

 pruning being the same as for the single plan. Plate No. 54 is essentially the same 



