NINTH ANNUAL MEETING. 75. 



in the change of the shape or growth there is no question 

 that old root is of the same nature as at first, and if by 

 chance a sprout starts from it the latter will in no part 

 resemble the cion. The sprouts to be seen in almost any- 

 young orchard are evidence of this. 



Second. The effect of the stock on the fruit. Here, 

 again, v/ill come to the mind of many the improvement of 

 the quality and size of some varieties of pears on the 

 quince — or the reverse, where a pear is often much better 

 on pear root. The paradise stock used to dwarf apples 

 shows this tendency to produce finer specimens of varieties 

 grown upon it. The writer once had about twenty varie- 

 ties so grown, and the effect was very noticeable. Patrick 

 Barry, in the first edition of his "Fruit Gardens," states 

 they come into bearing much sooner — a fact also noted in 

 the dwarf pears. 



However, other and more peculiar changes have often 

 been recorded. The Red Canada apple first attracted 

 notice in Michigan from being very often top-grafted on a 

 sweet seedling, which was once very common. The 

 result was, the fine flavored, long-keeping apple, so well 

 known there. Mr. H. E. Bidwell of that State produced 

 three distinct classes of the same apple where top-grafted, 

 several trees each of hardy Black Detroit and Fall Gennet- 

 ting. The first, small, green, long-keeping; the second, 

 large, very dark colored and early maturing; and lastly, 

 most curious of all, the usually smooth Red Canada showed 

 plainly the scollops or ridged form so prominent in the 

 Fall Gennetting. There are many instances of Baldwin 

 cions from the same tree marked upon nearly different 

 varieties and producing quite unlike fruit. English gar- 

 deners have noted time and again where part of a grape 

 vine has been top grafted the fruit much changed from 

 what the cion was expected to produce. A Massachusetts 

 grower claims to much change the acidity of the Red 

 Astrachan by top grafting in Talman Sweet. I could men- 

 tion others of the same tenor. The fact that anyone can 

 call to mind instances where no such effect is seen proves 

 nothing except that the influence is not evident. The sea- 

 son of a variety can be changed. The late P. M. Augur of 



