12 Dr. Engelmann. 



BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. 



Classijication. 



The seeds all come from wild j)lants; Figs. 22 aud 

 23. from Goat Island on the Niagara Falls; Fig. 22 

 a single broad seed ; Fig. 23 from a three-seeded 

 berry ; Fig. 24 from a two-seeded berry from the 

 shores of Lal<e Ohamplain, in Vermont; Fig. 25, 

 seed of the June grape from the banlis of the Mis- 

 sissippi below St. Louis. The seeds are obtuse, 

 or very slightly depressed on top, chalaza rather 

 flat, elongated and gradually lost in a groove 

 which encloses the scarcely prominent raplje. 



Figs. 26 and 27, Viti)^ Ikiipestris; Fig. 26 from a 

 two-seeded berry from Texas, and Fig. 27 from a 

 four-seeded one from Missouri. The top of the 

 seed is obtuse, not notched, and the raphe very 

 inconspicuous in the Texas seed, or invisible in 

 that from Missouri. 



Figs. 28 to S2, VitisVinifera, from the Old World. 

 Different forms are introduced here for compari- 

 son with the American species, and to show how 

 much they differ among themselves. Fig. 28 

 represents a seed out of a lot of grapes (or raisins) 

 found with an Egyptian mummy, and probably 

 now 3,000 years old, or older. The specimens are 

 preserved in the Egyptian Museum of Berlin. The 

 berry obligingly donated to me was as large as 

 the larger European cultivated grapes, and en- 

 closed three seeds. It will be seen that it is the 

 largest of the Yinifera seeds figured here, showing 

 perhaps a slight modification of the seed in the 

 ages that intervened between its and our times. 



Fig. 29. Brusca, the native species of Tuscany 

 (Xorthern Italy) ; Fig. 30, I^insUnr/, cultivated on 

 the banlvsOf the Rhine; F\o;.Sl,G^t'tedeJ (Chasselas) , 

 from the same regiun; Fig. ^2, Black Ilamhurg, 

 from a grapery near London. All these seeds 

 are easily distinguished from all American grape 

 seeds, by the narrower and usually longer beak 

 (or lower part), and especially by the large cir- 

 cular, though not very prominent, chalaza, which 

 occupies the upper, and not the middle part of 

 tlie seed. These five specimen seeds represent 

 the principal forms, but not all European grape 

 seeds entirely agree with them. 



Fig. 33, Vitis Vxdpina {or ItatundifoUa), from the 

 South Carolina Muscadine grape, differs from all 

 other grape seeds, just as the plant differs from 

 all other Grape-vines; seed very fiat, with straight 

 sides, verj^ short bealv, wrinl<led, or rather folded 

 on both surfaces, notched on top, with very nar- 

 row chalaza and no visible raphe. 



The North American Grape-vines may be 

 sj'stematically arranged in the following 

 order : 



I. True Grape-vines, with loose, shreddy bark, 

 climbing by the aid of forked tendrils, or some- 

 times (in No. 12) almost without tendrils. 



A. Grape-vines witli more or loss continuous tendrils. 



1. ViTis Labktsca. Linnccns, the northern Fox 



grape, the mother of a great many culti- 

 vated varieties and hybrids. 



B. Grape-vines with Intermittent tendrils. 



«. Leaves pubescent or floccose, especially on the 

 under side and when young, often becominij 

 jrlabrous with age. 



* Raphe on seed indistinct. 



2. ViTis Candicans, Enyehnann. The Mustang 



grape of Texas. 



3. ViTis Cakib^ea, Z>^CrtH(Zo;?e. The West India 



grape ; rare in Florida. 



4. ViTis CALiFOKNiCA,i?'^«(/i!f<m. The California 



grape. 



5. ViTi.s MONTICOLA, Bucklptj. The Mountain 



grape of West Texas. 



6. ViTis Akizonica, Emjohnann. The Arizona 



gi'ape. 

 ** Raphe on back of seed very conspicuous. 



7. ViTis EsTiVAi.i.s, JSIiclumx. Summer grape 



of the Middle and Southern States, with 

 several varieties. 



8. ViTisCiNEREA,£'Hf/e/»i«H)i. The Down}' grape 



of the Mississippi Valley. 



h. Leaves glabrous, or sometimes short, hairy, es- 

 pecially the ribs beneath; mostly shining. 



* R iphe on liack of seed conspicuous. 



9. ViTis COEDiFOi.iA, Miclianx. Frost grape of 



the Middle and Southern States. 

 *' Raphe indistinct. 



10. ViTis Palmata, Vahl. Red grape of the 



Mississippi Valley. 



11. ViTis Riparia, J/?V7;«H,r. Riverside grape of 



the United States and Canada. 



12. ViTis RuPESTRis, Schcj'le. Rock or Sand 



grape of the Western Mississippi Valley 

 and Texas. 



ViTis ViNiFERA, Liniueits. The Wine-grape of the Old 

 World and California; would nnd its systematic place 

 here. 



II. Muscadine grape, with (on the younger 

 branches; firmly adhering bark, which only in 

 the older stems scales off; aerial roots from in- 

 clined trunks in damp localities; tendrils inter- 

 mittent, simple; berries very large (7-10 lines 

 thick), very few in a buucb, easily detaching 

 themselves at maturity; seeds witii transverse 

 wrinkles or shallow grooves on both sides. 



13. Vrris Vulfina, Linnwus (RotundifoliAj 



Michaux). The Southern Fox grape or 

 Muscadine.* 



Eafinesque, Le Conte and others, have in 

 times gone by attempted to distinguish and 

 characterize a good many more species, while 

 on the other hand. Director Regel, of tlie St. 

 Petersburg botanical garden, has lately tried, 

 rather iinnatnrall}', to contract them and unite 

 them with the Old World species. Vitis Vin- 

 ifera has resulted, according to his views, 

 from the hybridization of several of these 

 species. 



I now propose to give a short botanical ac- 

 count of the lo species enumerated above. 



I. Vitis Labrusca, LinnsTeus. Usually 

 not large ; climbing over bushes or small 

 trees, occasionally reaching the tops of the 

 highest trees ; distinguished from all the 

 other species, as has been stated above, by 

 its continuous tendrils, and consequently by 

 its continuous (two to often four or six) 

 clusters of flowers and fruit ; stipules middle- 

 sized, about two lines long, or less ; leaves 

 large (four to six inches wide), thick, of firm 

 texture, entire or in some forms deeply lobed 

 very slightly dentate, coated when young 

 witli a thick rusty, or sometimes whitish 

 down, which in the wild plant persists on the 

 under side, but almost disappears in the ma- 

 ture leaf of some cultivated varieties ; berries 



* The name Vulpina. was first applied by Linne, but 

 others after him have applied it to ditt'erent sjjecies. 

 To avoid this confusion, rianchon and others adopt the 

 name R(jtundik()I.ia, Miclnni.v. 



