56 Galloway. 



BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. 



Fungicides. 



the object being to keep ahead, so far as pos- 

 sible, of the fungous parasites, which are read}" 

 to infect the host whenever the proper condi- 

 tions are present. The directions for treat- 

 ment given in the accompanying pages are 

 based on manj^ experiments, and if followed 

 closeh' there is no reason why the work should 

 not be successful. Of course it is manifestly 

 impossible to lay down rigid rules in a case 

 of this kind. Judgment must be exercised in 

 all phases of the work. 



WHAT FUKGICIDES TO USE. 



For the diseases under consideration five 

 fungicides have been used with varying de- 

 grees of success. They are: 



(1) Bordeaux mixture. 



(2) Ammoniacal solution of copper carbon- 

 ates. 



(3) Eau celeste. 



(4) Modified eau celeste. 



(5) Flowers of sulphur. 



Bordeaux mixture — This preparation should 

 be made as follows : In a barrel that will 

 hold 45 gallons dissolve 6 pounds of copper 

 sulphate or bluestone, using 8 or 10 gallons 

 of water, or as much as may be necessary 

 for the purpose of dissolving. In a tub or 

 halfbarrel slake 4 pounds of fresh lime. 

 When completely slaked add enough water to 

 make a creamy whitewash. Pour this slowly 

 into the barrel containing the copper sulphate 

 solution, using a coarse gunny sack stretched 

 over the head of the barrel for a strainer. 

 Finall}', fdl the barrel with water, stir thor- 

 oughly, and the mixture is ready for use. 

 Prepared in this wa}', the cost of 1 gallon of 

 the mixture will not exceed 1 cent, estimating 

 the price of copper sulphate at 7 cents per 

 pound and lime at 30 cents per bushel. In 

 all cases it is desirable to use powdered or 

 granulated copper sulphate, as it costs but 

 little more and dissolves much more readily. 

 It is highly important that fresh lime be used. 

 The copper sulphate may be quickly dissolved 

 by tying the necessary amount in a piece of 

 coarse sacking, then suspending the package 

 just beneath the surface of the water in the 

 barrel by means of a string or other simple 

 device. By preparing the copper in this way 

 it will usually be dissolved by the time the 

 lime is ready for use. It has been found a 

 great saving in time, to make up the mixture 

 the night before. 



Ammoniacal solution of copper carbonate. 

 — In an ordinary pail mix 5 ounces of cop- 

 per carl)onate with enough water to make 

 a thick paste, dissolve this paste in 3 pints of 

 strong aqua ammonia, then dilute to 45 gal- 

 lons. If 3 pints of ammonia are not sufficient 

 to dissolve all the paste, add enough to bring 



about this result. Copper carbonate occurs 

 in the market in tlie form of a tine, greenish 

 powder. The retail price is usually 60 cents 

 per pound. Aqua ammonia having a strength 

 of 26 degrees retails at 8 cents per pound. 

 Upon this basis 1 gallon of the ammoniacal 

 solution of copper carbonate will cost 1 cent. 



In view of the fact that copper carbonate is 

 sometimes difficult to obtain, the following direc- 

 tions for manufacturing it are given: 



In a halfbarrel or some similar vessel dissolve 

 3 pounds of copper sulphate in 2 gallons of hot 

 water. In another vessel dissolve 3^2 pounds of 

 common washing soda or sal soda in 1 gallon of 

 hot water. When cool pour the second solution 

 slowly into the first; then, as soon as all action 

 has ceased, add enough water to bring the whole 

 up to 8 or 10 gallons and stir thoroughly. After 

 twenty-four hours pour off the clear liquid, taking 

 care not to disturb the sediment. Add fresh 

 water and stir again. Again allow the solution to 

 stand twenty-four hours, pour off the clear licpiid 

 as before and then remove the sediment, which is 

 copper carbonate. Prepared in this way there is 

 formed Ifa pounds of copper carbonate, at an ex- 

 pense for materials of approximatelj^ 18 cents per 

 pound. The copper carbonate paste may be im- 

 mediately dissolved in aqua ammonia, using 2 

 gallons of the latter, or as much as may be neces- 

 sary for the purpose. This concentrated lluid 

 should be kept in well-corked jugs, and when 

 ready for use should be diluted at the rate of 1 

 pint to 12 gallons of water. 



Eau celeste. — Dissolve 2 pounds of cop- 

 per sulphate in 8 gallons of water. AVhen 

 completely dissolved add 3 pints of strong 

 ammonia and dilute to 45 gallons. Prepared 

 in this waj^ the solution will cost about § of 

 a cent per gallon. 



Modified eau celeste. — Dissolve 4 pounds 

 of copper sulphate in 10 to 12 gallons of 

 water and stir in 5 pounds of washing soda 

 or sal soda ; then add 3 pints of strong aqua 

 ammonia and dilute to 45 gallons. The cost 

 will be 1| ceuts per gallon. 



Flowers of sulpihur. — This requires no spe- 

 cial preparation, being bought in the market 

 ready for use. 



With regard to the foregoing, it may be 

 said that Bordeaux mixture, taking all things 

 into consideration, has proved the most effi- 

 cient and therefore in the end the cheapest 

 fungicide. It will be found equally effective 

 for black rot, downy mildew, brown rot, and 

 anthracnose. Another point of importance 

 in regard to the use of Bordeaux mixture is 

 that it influences the growtli of the vine in 

 other ways besides merely preventing the at- 

 tacks of fungi. In what manner this influ- 

 ence or apparent stimulation is brought v 

 about, we are not j^et in a position to state. 4 

 The ammoniacal solution, eau celeste, and 

 modified eau celeste can l)e recommended 

 only in certain cases, notably wlien it is de- 

 sired to make applications near the close of 



