100 Catawba. 



BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. 



Cayuga. 



eru States (in October), it is now discarded 

 in many sections, and other reliable kinds 

 are planted instead. In localities where it 

 will fully mature, and where it seems less 

 subject to disease, tiiere are very feAV better 

 varieties. The State Experiment Station of 

 Georgia reports (1891-189o) '"Less liable to 

 rot than formerly' ; regaining its old stand- 

 ard." Would, that this be the case in many 

 localities ! 



It is too generally known to require por- 

 trait or illustration b}^ engraving. 



Contrary to the heretofore prevailing belief 

 that the Phylloxera was the main cause of 

 the failure of the Catawba in man}' sections, 

 we have come to the conclusion, based upon 

 careful observation, that the diseased and 

 enfeebled roots of the Catawba are caused by 

 the disturbed development of the mildewed 

 tops, and not by the Phjlloxera. AA'here 

 mildew does not prevail, as on the islands of 

 Lake Erie, on the lake shore, &c., the Ca- 

 tawba is still and will deservedly remain for 

 years to come the leading variety for market 

 and for wine. 



The late Dr. Warder truly said, that the 

 beautiful banks of the Ohio might again be 

 covered with vinej^ards, if we could only 

 discover a grape, equal in quality to the Ca- 

 tawba, that would not be subject to mildew 

 or rot.* 



Bunches large, moderately compact, shoul- 

 dered ; berries above medium, round, deep 

 RED, covered with lilac bloom. Skin moder- 

 ately thick ; flesh slightly pulpy, sAveet, juicy, 

 with a rich, A'inous, and somewhat musky 

 flavor. Vine a vigorous grower ; in favor- 

 able seasons and localities very productive. 

 Clay-shale soil, also gravelly or sandy soils 

 seem best adapted. Roots light, in com- 

 parison to the naturally strong growth of the 

 vine, when in a perfectly healthy state, with 

 a texture below average hardness ; thick 

 liber, and not inclined to push young fibers 

 as rapidly as other varieties ; canes straight 

 and long, with few laterals ; wood of average 

 hardness, with a pith a little more than the 

 average size. 3lHst ranges from 86° to 95'^ 

 by (Echsle's scale. 



* At tlie moment that we were reading the proof of 

 this, for tlie third edilioii of this cutiilogue, we noticed 

 in the Messager Agricole (August, 1883), the foUowing, 

 wliich we translated: 



Certain Remedij against the Mildew iPcronospora). .lean 

 Gazotti, a mocUist Italian grape-grower, had the happy 

 idea to sprinkle the foliage of mildew infected vines 

 with a solution of soda (2 kilos of soda in one hectolitre 

 of water=4i pounds dissolved in 26 gallons of water), 

 and he h;id the good fortune to find on the day after 

 such ireatnicnt, that the filaments of the perouspora 

 were coii-uiiied. 



While we scarcely venture to hope that this will l)e a 

 certain remedy, it is well worth trying. May the re- 

 sults be satisfactory!— It proved no remedy; tiut was a 

 great step t<j\vards the discovery of a preventive. 



The Catawha has quite a number of seedlings; 

 of Diana, its best, and of Alethn, Anna, Hine, 

 Mottled, etc.. we give descriptions in their alpha- 

 betical order; but some are actually the same as 

 Catav:ha, and only pretended seedlings, to sell 

 under a new name ; others are so nearly identical 

 as not to require description. To this class be- 

 long: 



Fancher, claimed to be an early Catawba. 



Keller^s White; Mead^s Seedling; 3Ierceron. 



Mammoth Catatcba of Hermann, very large in 

 bunch and berry, but otherwise inferior to the 

 parent. 



Omega, exhibited in 1867. 



Saratoga, the same as Fancher. 



Tekomah, a Missouri seedling of Cataicba. 



White Catau-ba, raised by John E. Mottier, and 

 abandoned by himself as being inferior to its 

 parent. 



Catawissa. See Creveling. 



Caywood's Hybrids, produced by the late A. J. 

 Caywood of N. Y. : 



No. i . {Labr. X ) A red grape, obtained from 

 a Seedling of ^'Fokeepsie,''^ crossed with lona, 

 was not named and is, probablj', lost. Even 

 Mr. Barns, a prominent horticulturist, living 

 four miles from Caywood's place, and M. J, 

 Bailey, a fruit grower at Marlboro, J^. Y. 

 who, both, knew A. J. Caywood, personally, 

 could give us no information about it. 



No. 50. Reported by several Experiment Sta- 

 tions as received for testings in 1888-1889 

 from its originator, say only that it ''gives 

 promise of value for the market;" it has, 

 evidently, never been disseminated. 



A quarter century ago, the late A. J. Caywood, 

 then of Foughkeepsie, X. Y. became first 

 known as originator of the Walter grape. 

 He was a very enthusiastic and successful 

 hybridiger, producing the following named 

 (12) varieties : * Duchess, Florence, Hud- 

 son, Mabel, Modena, Metternich, Nec- 

 tar, Pokeepsie, Ulster, Walter, White 

 Concord, and White Ulster. They were 

 all waij prolific and of fine quality; but poor 

 Caywood, like most grape growers, was 

 unsuccessful financially. He became dis- 

 satisfied, somewhat quarrelsome and indif- 

 ferent about his affairs, to which poor health, 

 probabl}', contributed. He died in 1889; the 

 following j'ear his son Walter (his associate, 

 firm Caywood & Sou, Marlboro', jST. Y.), aud 

 about one year thereafter Mrs. Caywood also 

 died. No complete record of his work and 

 once promising productions seems obtain- 

 able; his Vineyard and Nursery have gone 

 to grass, and his few surviving children seem 

 not to care. 



Cayiiga. (Hybrid between Labrusca and Vin- 

 ifera, or yEstivalis ?) Syn. : Sharon. Originated 

 by D. S. Marvin, of Watertown, N. Y., from a 

 seedling of Eumelan crossed with Adirondack. 

 Vine not a vigorous grower; bunch of good size; 

 berry much like Isabella in shape and size, black, 

 with a beautiful bloom, vinous, of excellent 

 quality; season very early, as Champion, if it 

 were only as vigorous; it is one of our best and 

 handsomest grapes, but not very hardy. 



* The date of their production or dissemination we 

 could not ascertain; we therefore give them in Alpha- 

 betical order only, and refer to their description in 

 this Catalogue.— H. & S. & M. 



