232 THE SUGAR BEET. 



much general confusion by the arrival and weighing of 

 the I'oots. 



Underground Pipes, Liyiard'^s Idea. — In 1867 Mr. 

 Linai'd, at his establishment at Montcourt, where we 

 had the honor of being received, was the first to give 

 a practical solution to this difficult problem, which ex- 

 ample has been followed by some fifty other factories 

 in France and Belgium, and has in all cases given en- 

 tire satisfaction. The idea consists in having small 

 pipes, through w^hich the juice flows ; this having been 

 previously pressed at the farms in small buildings 

 called " raperies." Leaving aside the first cost of these 

 pipes, this ti-ansportation is j-educed to a minimum or 

 nearly so. If a slight difference between the elevation 

 of the raperies and the factory should exist, this 

 difference of level would be sufficient to permit the 

 juice to flow with ease. If, on the contrary, the factory 

 be more elevated than the raperie, an engine of one 

 or two horse power is sufficient to overcome the fric- 

 tion of the juice in the pipes. At the factory at ]^eza- 

 poin this difference is one hundred yards, and here 

 evidently more power is needed. The juice before 

 leaving the raperies is united with 5 per cent, in 

 volume of lime, having a normal density of 23° B. 

 The importance of this is very great, as it prevents 

 all fermentation, which would otherwise occur. The 

 velocity is 25 m. (82 feet) to 50 m. (164 feet) per 

 second, the first figure gives better results than the 

 second. 



