INTELLIGENCE. 1 1 



think, generally show more sense, as I shall point out on 

 page 1 8, than most horses. 



A not very uncommon vice among horses is refusal to 

 go through a comparatively low doorway, on account of the 

 animal having knocked its head on some previous occasion, 

 against the top of such an entrance. Although the man in 

 charge may show the horse that by lowering its head 

 (which on such occasions it generally keeps raised as high 

 as possible), it can easily go under the supposed obstruc- 

 tion, it will display an obstinate disbelief in the efficacy 

 of any such expedient. Other horses, wise from experience, 

 though not from having reasoned out the problem, will 

 display great intelligence in crawling under bars employed 

 to keep them prisoners, and even in opening doors by 

 lifting up the latch. 



As intelligence restrains the action of instinct, it follows 

 that when these two faculties exist in an animal, they will 

 as a rule be in an inverse proportion to each other. Thus, 

 the bee and the spider have more highly developed instinct, 

 though less intelligence than the dog ; and vice versa. The 

 same remark would hold good when comparing civilised 

 nations with Bushmen or Australian blacks ; and English 

 and Arab horses with bronchos and zebras. 



Although the horse has generally great difficulty in 

 associating cause and effect, unless the connection be par- 

 ticularly easy of perception, and the interval of time between 

 the two be extremely short ; he may be fully alive to the 

 fact, in particular cases, that the one circumstance follows 

 the other. For example, we may every day see horses which 

 are accustomed to jump and prance about immediately 



