MOUTHING BY LONG REINS. 183 



page 132), which is particularly useful for making horses 

 stand absolutely steady by word of command. 



Horses brought up under ordinary civilised conditions 

 will not, as a rule, require any of the strong means of 

 subjection already described. Having haltered one of 

 them, noosed a fore leg, and applied the halter-twitch 

 (see page 129), we can generally put on the gear de- 

 scribed in the following section, and make him quiet by 

 mouthing him on foot with the long reins, so that he 

 may acquire both " mouth " and " manners " at the same 

 time. To make him " stand " being girthed up, we may 

 have to tie up a fore leg (see page 124) ; or may hold him 

 with one hand on the rein or on the twitch, and the other 

 hand pressed hard against the lower part of his neck so as 

 to bring his head round, and at the same time to prevent 

 him striking us with the fore leg of that side. While held 

 in this manner (see Fig. 16), it will be difficult for him to 

 kick the man who is girthing-up either the driving-pad or 

 the saddle. 



Mouthing a horse with the long reins on foot. — 

 Taking a fairly quiet, though unbroken horse, or a wild 

 one which has been reduced to obedience according to the 

 directions given in the preceding paragraphs, we may 

 proceed to mouth him with the long reins in the following 

 manner. 



The gear which I use for driving horses on foot, consists 

 of a snaffle bridle ; a standing martingale ; long reins ; a 

 driving-pad, which may, or may not, have a crupper 

 attached to it for preventing it from shifting forward ; and 



