1 84 



BREAKING ON FOOT. 



a bearing-rein, if the animal is inclined to carry his head 

 too low down. 



The snaffle which I prefer to all others, for riding as 

 well as breaking, is a flat, slightly curved, unjointed one, 

 covered with leather, and having a strap to buckle behind 

 the lower jaw (see Figs. lo and ii). My objections to the 

 ordinary snaffle are : (i) it pinches the sides of the lower 



Fig. 79. — Side view of bearing-rein. 



jaw, by reason of the joint in its centre ; and (2) by being 

 round, its pressure is confined to a very small surface of the 

 gum, the extent of which surface is at least quadrupled by 

 the employment of a flat snaffle not less than an inch broad. 

 I need hardly say that the greater the surface over which 

 the pressure is distributed, the less liable will such pressure 



