DRIVING ON FOOT. 



191 



A standing martingale can be improvised from a running 

 martingale, or with a piece of cord. 



When a driving-pad or an efficient substitute for it 

 cannot be obtained, we may use instead of it an ordinary 

 saddle, the stirrups of which, with their leathers well 



Fig. 87. — Rein under cantle of saddle. 



lengthened out, will serve as rein-bearers (see Fig. %6). 

 Although the cantle of the saddle (see Fig. Zj) may at 

 times succeed in preventing the outward rein from going 

 over the back ; the breaker cannot — as he is able to do 

 with my pad — when using a saddle for a substitute, circle 

 the horse, as is often necessary, with the outward rein on a 

 level with the withers. 



